Global OZone Chemistry And Related trace gas Data records for the Stratosphere (GOZCARDS): methodology and sample results with a focus on HCl, H2O, and O3
Global OZone Chemistry And Related trace gas Data records for the Stratosphere (GOZCARDS): methodology and sample results with a focus on HCl, H2O, and O3
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-15-10471-2015
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
McCormick, M. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Froidevaux, L.;Anderson, J.;McCormick, M. P.
我们描述了来自平流层（GOZEARS）项目的全球臭氧层化学和相关痕量气体数据记录的公开数据，并提供了一些结果，重点是氯化氢（HCl），水蒸气（H2O）和臭氧（O-3）。这一数据集是全球平流层地球系统长期数据记录，由早在1979年开始的每月纬向平均时间序列组成。这些数据记录的依据是美国航天局的几个卫星仪器和SCISAT卫星上的大气化学实验傅里叶变换光谱仪的高质量测量结果。我们检查各种数据集之间的一致性方面。为了合并臭氧记录，时间序列相对于SAGE II（平流层气溶胶和气体实验）值通过计算平均偏移与SAGE II在测量重叠期间，而对于其他物种的合并来自重叠期间的平均程序。的GOZERAND文件包含一个共同的压力纬度网格上的混合比，以及标准误差和其他诊断，我们还提出了合并产品的系统不确定性的估计。还直接根据现代研究和应用回顾分析的数据生成了GOZCARDS的月平均温度。GOZCARDS HCl合并产品来自卤素掩星实验（HALOE）、ACE-FTS和低平流层光环微波肢体探测器（MLS）数据。在20世纪90年代初平流层上层HCl迅速上升之后，1997-2010年该区域的下降率在0.4%和0.7%之间。在6-8年的时间尺度上，下降率在2004-2005年达到峰值，约为1% yr（-1），此后趋于平稳，约为0.5% yr（-1）。延迟6-7年，这些变化大致遵循总的表面氯，其行为与时间产生的源气体的不均匀变化。自20世纪90年代后期以来，平流层下部的HCl减少发生了明显的纬度变化，有时超过1- 2% yr（-1）。最近平流层下部和柱状HCl的短期趋势变化很大，从2005年到2010年，北方中纬度和深热带的HCl增加，但减少2011年后北方对于H2O，GOZESTTM产品涵盖平流层和中间层，使用与HCl相同的仪器，沿着高层大气研究卫星（UARS）MLS平流层H2O数据（1991-1993年）。我们显示从22年的数据季节性到十年型的变化H2O。在中间层上部，在两个完整的太阳活动周期中，H2O和太阳通量之间的关系现在清晰可见。低平流层热带H2O显示出两个时期的增加值，然后是相当急剧的下降（有充分记录的2000-2001年下降和最近的2011-2013年下降）。热带年代际变率在对流层顶上方达到峰值。1991年至2013年期间，在热带和近全球范围内，平流层下部的H2O减少了约5- 10%，但在平流层上部和中间层下部观察到约10%的增加。然而，这种趋势可能并不代表长期趋势。对于臭氧，我们使用SAGE I，SAGE II，HALOE，UARS和Aura MLS以及ACE-FTS数据来产生从1979年底开始的合并记录，使用SAGE II作为主要参考。与一些人报告的20世纪90年代后期后近全球臭氧柱增加2%至3%不同，GOZESTA平流层臭氧柱值最近的上升幅度不超过0.5%至1%;从GOZO 2观测到的臭氧柱的长期年际变化通常与合并的臭氧柱总量的年际变化非常一致还简要提及了目前可获得的其他通用格式的GOZETM卫星平流层成分数据记录，即N2 O和HNO 3数据记录。
We describe the publicly available data from the Global OZone Chemistry And Related trace gas Data records for the Stratosphere (GOZCARDS) project and provide some results, with a focus on hydrogen chloride (HCl), water vapor (H2O), and ozone (O-3). This data set is a global long-term stratospheric Earth system data record, consisting of monthly zonal mean time series starting as early as 1979. The data records are based on high-quality measurements from several NASA satellite instruments and the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) on SCISAT. We examine consistency aspects between the various data sets. To merge ozone records, the time series are debiased relative to SAGE II (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiments) values by calculating average offsets versus SAGE II during measurement overlap periods, whereas for other species the merging derives from an averaging procedure during overlap periods. The GOZCARDS files contain mixing ratios on a common pressure-latitude grid, as well as standard errors and other diagnostics; we also present estimates of systematic uncertainties in the merged products. Monthly mean temperatures for GOZCARDS were also produced, based directly on data from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications.The GOZCARDS HCl merged product comes from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), ACE-FTS and lower-stratospheric Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) data. After a rapid rise in upper-stratospheric HCl in the early 1990s, the rate of decrease in this region for 1997-2010 was between 0.4 and 0.7 % yr(-1). On 6-8-year timescales, the rate of decrease peaked in 2004-2005 at about 1 % yr(-1), and it has since levelled off, at similar to 0.5 % yr(-1). With a delay of 6-7 years, these changes roughly follow total surface chlorine, whose behavior versus time arises from inhomogeneous changes in the source gases. Since the late 1990s, HCl decreases in the lower stratosphere have occurred with pronounced latitudinal variability at rates sometimes exceeding 1-2 % yr(-1). Recent short-term tendencies of lower-stratospheric and column HCl vary substantially, with increases from 2005 to 2010 for northern midlatitudes and deep tropics, but decreases (increases) after 2011 at northern (southern) midlatitudes.For H2O, the GOZCARDS product covers both stratosphere and mesosphere, and the same instruments as for HCl are used, along with Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) MLS stratospheric H2O data (1991-1993). We display seasonal to decadal-type variability in H2O from 22 years of data. In the upper mesosphere, the anticorrelation between H2O and solar flux is now clearly visible over two full solar cycles. Lower-stratospheric tropical H2O has exhibited two periods of increasing values, followed by fairly sharp drops (the well-documented 2000-2001 decrease and a recent drop in 2011-2013). Tropical decadal variability peaks just above the tropopause. Between 1991 and 2013, both in the tropics and on a near-global basis, H2O has decreased by similar to 5-10 % in the lower stratosphere, but about a 10 % increase is observed in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere. However, such tendencies may not represent longer-term trends.For ozone, we used SAGE I, SAGE II, HALOE, UARS and Aura MLS, and ACE-FTS data to produce a merged record from late 1979 onward, using SAGE II as the primary reference. Unlike the 2 to 3 % increase in near-global column ozone after the late 1990s reported by some, GOZCARDS stratospheric column O-3 values do not show a recent upturn of more than 0.5 to 1 %; long-term interannual column ozone variations from GOZCARDS are generally in very good agreement with interannual changes in merged total column ozone (Version 8.6) data from SBUV instruments.A brief mention is also made of other currently available, commonly formatted GOZCARDS satellite data records for stratospheric composition, namely those for N2O and HNO3.