Heat, Disparities, and Health Outcomes in San Diego County's Diverse Climate Zones
Heat, Disparities, and Health Outcomes in San Diego County's Diverse Climate Zones
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DOI：
10.1029/2017gh000127
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发表时间：
2018-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Gershunov, Alexander
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guirguis, Kristen;Basu, Rupa;Gershunov, Alexander
气候多变性和气候变化是日益重要的公共卫生问题。许多研究记录了世界各地极端高温对人类健康的风险。预防与热有关的发病率和减少差异的战略是可能的，但需要在小规模的水平，在炎热的日子里，作为重要的城市内的变化，在当地的天气条件，社会人口组成，并获得空调（AC）可能存在的健康结果的知识。我们分析了圣地亚哥县三个独特气候地区的住院数据以及14年的温度数据，以量化环境空气温度对健康的影响。在圣地亚哥，沿海居民比内陆居民对热量更敏感。在沿海地区，与内陆地区相比，我们发现在较低的温度下对多种疾病类别的健康影响，包括中暑，脱水，急性肾衰竭和呼吸系统疾病。在气候温和的沿海地区，AC的使用并不普遍，与热相关的发病率在AC饱和度最低的邮政编码子集中较高。我们发现，与AC不太常见的沿海地区的寒冷天气相比，炎热天气期间的住院率增加了14.6%（95%置信区间[4.5%，24.6%]），而在AC饱和度较高的地区没有观察到显著影响。AC所有权的差异与收入，种族/民族和房屋所有权有关。鉴于热浪预计将随着气候变化而增加，了解热量对健康的影响和适应的作用对于改善未来的结果至关重要。
Climate variability and change are issues of growing public health importance. Numerous studies have documented risks of extreme heat on human health in different locations around the world. Strategies to prevent heat-related morbidity and reduce disparities are possible but require improved knowledge of health outcomes during hot days at a small-scale level as important within-city variability in local weather conditions, socio-demographic composition, and access to air conditioning (AC) may exist. We analyzed hospitalization data for three unique climate regions of San Diego County alongside temperature data spanning 14 years to quantify the health impact of ambient air temperature at varying exceedance threshold levels. Within San Diego, coastal residents were more sensitive to heat than inland residents. At the coast, we detected a health impact at lower temperatures compared to inland locations for multiple disease categories including heat illness, dehydration, acute renal failure, and respiratory disease. Within the milder coastal region where access to AC is not prevalent, heat-related morbidity was higher in the subset of zip codes where AC saturation is lowest. We detected a 14.6% increase (95% confidence interval [4.5%, 24.6%]) in hospitalizations during hot weather in comparison to colder days in coastal locations where AC is less common, while no significant impact was observed in areas with higher AC saturation. Disparities in AC ownership were associated with income, race/ethnicity, and homeownership. Given that heat waves are expected to increase with climate change, understanding health impacts of heat and the role of acclimation is critical for improving outcomes in the future.