Challenges and Opportunities to Harnessing the (Hematopoietic) Stem Cell Niche.
Challenges and Opportunities to Harnessing the (Hematopoietic) Stem Cell Niche.
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DOI：
10.1007/s40778-016-0031-y
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发表时间：
2016-03
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Harley BA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Choi JS;Harley BA
在我们的身体中，干细胞驻留在一个称为生态位的微环境中。虽然干细胞龛的确切组成以及因此的复杂性水平可以在组织与组织之间显著变化，但干细胞龛微环境是动态的，通常包含细胞、细胞外基质和生物分子组分的空间和时间变化。这种分泌或结合的生物分子、细胞因子、细胞外基质组分和细胞成分的复杂流动都有助于调节干细胞命运特异性事件，使得在纳米和微米尺度上的工程方法特别感兴趣，用于在体外创建人工生态位环境。制造方法的最新进展使生物医学研究人员能够在体外捕获和重建干细胞微环境的复杂性。这种工程化平台显示出作为一种手段的希望，以提高我们对小生境介导的干细胞调控的机制的理解，以及提供机会，以精确地控制干细胞扩增和分化事件的临床应用。虽然这些原则一般适用于所有的成体干细胞和壁龛，在这篇综述中，我们专注于工程合成壁龛微环境的最佳特征的干细胞群，造血干细胞（HSC）之一的最新发展。具体来说，我们强调了最近的进展，旨在促进HSC命运决定的外在控制的平台。
In our body, stem cells reside in a microenvironment termed the niche. While the exact composition and therefore the level of complexity of a stem cell niche can vary significantly tissue-to-tissue, the stem cell niche microenvironment is dynamic, typically containing spatial and temporal variations in both cellular, extracellular matrix, and biomolecular components. This complex flow of secreted or bound biomolecules, cytokines, extracellular matrix components, and cellular constituents all contribute to the regulation of stem cell fate specification events, making engineering approaches at the nano- and micro-scale of particular interest for creating an artificial niche environment in vitro. Recent advances in fabrication approaches have enabled biomedical researchers to capture and recreate the complexity of stem cell niche microenvironments in vitro. Such engineered platforms show promise as a means to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying niche-mediated stem cell regulation as well as offer opportunities to precisely control stem cell expansion and differentiation events for clinical applications. While these principles generally apply to all adult stem cells and niches, in this review, we focus on recent developments in engineering synthetic niche microenvironments for one of the best-characterized stem cell populations, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Specifically, we highlight recent advances in platforms designed to facilitate the extrinsic control of HSC fate decisions.