Eotaxin - An essential mediator of eosinophil trafficking into mucosal tissues
Eotaxin - An essential mediator of eosinophil trafficking into mucosal tissues
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DOI：
10.1165/ajrcmb.21.3.f160
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发表时间：
1999-09-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Rothenberg, ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rothenberg, ME
外周血和组织中的嗜酸性粒细胞聚集是几种重要内科疾病的显著特征，包括特应性疾病(过敏性鼻炎、哮喘和湿疹)、寄生虫感染和许多全身性疾病(如Churg Strauss综合征、嗜酸性肺炎、嗜酸性胃肠炎和特发性高嗜酸性粒细胞综合征)(1)。嗜酸性粒细胞通常只占循环或组织驻留细胞的一小部分，而且在特定的疾病状态下，它们的数量显著和选择性地增加，这一发现表明，存在调节这些白细胞选择性生成和积累的分子机制。嗜酸性粒细胞的病理作用主要发生在组织中，因此，对嗜酸性粒细胞的科学研究的一个主要焦点是阐明嗜酸性粒细胞组织募集的过程。大量的介体被鉴定为嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子，包括不同的分子，如脂类介体(血小板激活因子、白三烯)、细菌产物(甲硫基亮氨酰苯丙氨酸[FMLP])，以及最近的趋化因子，如RANTES(受激活调节，正常T细胞表达和分泌)和巨噬细胞炎性蛋白(MIP)-1(2)。然而，这些介质都没有选择性地促进嗜酸性粒细胞的募集；因此，它们不被认为是在许多高嗜酸性粒细胞疾病中观察到的组织嗜酸性粒细胞增多的主要介质。与这些分子相反，嗜酸性粒细胞趋化蛋白是一种嗜酸性趋化物质，因此一直是最近深入研究的主题。嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子最初是在豚鼠身上使用的一种生物试验发现的，该试验旨在确定导致变应原诱导的嗜酸性粒细胞在肺部聚集的分子。采用豚鼠皮肤体内趋化试验，部分氨基酸
Eosinophil accumulation in the peripheral blood and tissues is a hallmark feature of several important medical diseases, including atopic disorders (allergic rhinitis, asthma, and eczema), parasitic infections, and numerous systemic diseases (eg, Churg Strauss syndrome, eosinophilic pneumonia, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, and the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome)(1). The findings that eosinophils normally account for only a small percent of circulating or tissue-dwelling cells and that their numbers markedly and selectively increase under specific disease states indicate the existence of molecular mechanisms that regulate the selective generation and accumulation of these leukocytes. The pathologic role of eosinophils primarily occurs in tissues; therefore, a major focus of scientific investigation on eosinophils has been to elucidate the processes involved in eosinophil tissue recruitment. Numerous mediators have been identified as eosinophil chemoattractants, including diverse molecules, such as lipid mediators (platelet-activating factor, leukotrienes), bacterial products (formylmethionyl leucylphenylalanine [FMLP]), and recently, chemokines such as RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 (2). However, none of these mediators selectively promote eosinophil recruitment; they are therefore not considered to be the primary mediators of the tissue eosinophilia observed in numerous hypereosinophilic disorders.In contrast to these molecules, eotaxin is an eosinophilselective chemoattractant and therefore has been the subject of recent intensive research. Eotaxin was initially discovered using a biologic assay in guinea pigs designed to identify the molecules responsible for allergen-induced eosinophil accumulation in the lungs. Using an in vivo chemotaxis assay in guinea-pig skin, the partial amino acid