Deracializing Exploitation? ‘Black Economic Empowerment’ in the South African Wine Industry
Deracializing Exploitation? ‘Black Economic Empowerment’ in the South African Wine Industry
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南非葡萄酒行业的非种族化剥削？“黑人经济赋权”
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Ponte
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. D. Toit;Sandra Kruger;S. Ponte
本文探讨了南非葡萄酒行业的“黑人经济赋权”（BEE）的话语和实践。它认为，BEE远不是代表与不公平的过去的决定性决裂，而是允许南非葡萄酒行业避免潜在的更不舒服的选择，以纠正当前和过去基于种族的不平衡-例如土地重新分配，进口抵制和葡萄采摘者更好的工作条件。一个本质主义的种族话语，围绕着“黑人”的非历史和错位的概念，已被用来取代转型议程远离解决工人所面临的条件，并改善，使一小群黑人企业家成为“转型”的首选受益者在葡萄酒行业。新领域的特点是一方面是品牌，广告和形象建设：另一方面是行为准则，部门BEE章程，记分卡和审计。这些措施使南非葡萄酒行业的剥削性劳工和社会关系得以标准化、合法化和表面上的去极端化。
This paper considers the discourse and practice of ‘Black Economic Empowerment’ (BEE) in the South African wine industry. It argues that far from representing a decisive break with an inequitable past, BEE allows the South African wine industry to avoid potentially more uncomfortable options to redress current and past race-based imbalances – such as land redistribution, import boycotts and better working conditions for grape pickers. An essentialist racial discourse, pivoting on ahistorical and dislocated notions of ‘blackness’, has been used to displace the transformation agenda away from addressing the conditions faced by workers, and to an ameliorism that allows a small cohort of black entrepreneurs to become the preferred beneficiaries of ‘transformation’ in the wine industry. The new terrain is characterized by branding, advertising and image building on the one side: and by codes of conduct, a sectoral BEE charter, scorecards and auditing on the other. These allow the standardization, legitimation and ostensible deracialization of exploitative labour and social relations in the South African wine industry.