Hypocretins and Arousal.
Hypocretins and Arousal.
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DOI：
10.1007/7854_2016_58
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发表时间：
2016-12
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Shi-bin Li;W. Giardino;L. de Lecea
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shi-bin Li;W. Giardino;L. de Lecea
大脑如何控制警惕状态转换仍有待充分了解。下丘脑分泌素（也称为食欲素）的发现及其与嗜睡症的联系无疑使我们能够增进对控制睡眠和清醒之间的界限和过渡的关键机制的了解。下丘脑分泌素神经元（一种相对简单且非冗余的神经元系统）功能缺乏会导致对睡眠状态的不当控制，但不会影响睡眠总量或体内平衡机制。解剖学和功能证据表明，产生下丘脑分泌素/食欲素的下丘脑神经元广泛分布于整个大脑，并与主要神经调节系统相互作用，以调节觉醒、注意力和情绪的生理过程。在这里，我们回顾了下丘脑分泌素/食欲素在唤醒状态转换中的作用，并讨论了这样一个相对较小的神经元群体控制基本大脑状态动态的可能机制。
How the brain controls vigilance state transitions remains to be fully understood. The discovery of hypocretins, also known as orexins, and their link to narcolepsy has undoubtedly allowed us to advance our knowledge on key mechanisms controlling the boundaries and transitions between sleep and wakefulness. Lack of function of hypocretin neurons (a relatively simple and non-redundant neuronal system) results in inappropriate control of sleep states without affecting the total amount of sleep or homeostatic mechanisms. Anatomical and functional evidence shows that the hypothalamic neurons that produce hypocretins/orexins project widely throughout the entire brain and interact with major neuromodulator systems in order to regulate physiological processes underlying wakefulness, attention, and emotions. Here, we review the role of hypocretins/orexins in arousal state transitions, and discuss possible mechanisms by which such a relatively small population of neurons controls fundamental brain state dynamics.