Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism, human memory, and synaptic neuroplasticity
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism, human memory, and synaptic neuroplasticity
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DOI：
10.1002/wcs.1334
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Kirk, Ian J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lamb, Yvette N.;McKay, Nicole S.;Kirk, Ian J.
有些人的记忆力比其他人好得多，而且有令人信服的证据表明，这种记忆能力的变异有相当大一部分是遗传的。突触可塑性的一种形式被称为长时程增强(LTP)，是神经回路中记忆形成的主要候选机制，因此可以预料到，LTP程度的遗传影响可能反过来影响记忆能力。在被认为显著影响人类助记能力的遗传变异中，最有可能通过LTP产生影响的是影响脑源性神经营养因子的单核苷酸多态性[BDNF(Val66Met)]。然而，尽管BDNF可能通过调节急性可塑性(即LTP)来影响记忆，但BDNF对神经系统的结构发育也有相当大的影响。因此，还必须考虑脑源性神经营养因子(Val66Met)通过脑结构和功能的影响对助记能力的影响。在这篇简短的综述中，我们将描述LTP现象及其在非人类动物中的研究。我们将讨论将这项工作转化为人体研究的相对较新的尝试。我们将描述这是如何使研究BDNF多态对LTP、脑结构和记忆性能的影响成为可能的。(C)2014 John Wiley&Sons，Ltd.
Some people have much better memory than others, and there is compelling evidence that a considerable proportion of this variation in memory ability is genetically inherited. A form of synaptic plasticity known as long-term potentiation (LTP) is the principal candidate mechanism underlying memory formation in neural circuits, and it might be expected, therefore, that a genetic influence on the degree of LTP might in turn influence memory abilities. Of the genetic variations thought to significantly influence mnemonic ability in humans, the most likely to have its effect via LTP is a single nucleotide polymorphism affecting brain-derived neurotrophic factor [ BDNF (Val66Met)]. However, although it is likely that BDNF influences memory via a modulation of acute plasticity (i.e., LTP), BDNF also has considerable influence on structural development of neural systems. Thus, the influence of BDNF (Val66Met) on mnemonic performance via influences of brain structure as well as function must also be considered. In this brief review, we will describe the phenomenon of LTP and its study in non-human animals. We will discuss the relatively recent attempts to translate this work to studies in humans. We will describe how this has enabled investigation of the effect of the BDNF polymorphism on LTP, on brain structure, and on memory performance. (C) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.