Do larvae from deep-sea hydrothermal vents disperse in surface waters?
Do larvae from deep-sea hydrothermal vents disperse in surface waters?
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来自深海热液喷口的幼虫会分散到表层水中吗？
DOI：
10.1002/ecy.1800
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Shigeaki Kojima & Yasunori Kano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Takuya Yahagi;Hiromi Kayama Watanabe;Shigeaki Kojima & Yasunori Kano
幼虫的扩散对深海热液喷口特有动物的地理分布、种群动态和进化过程做出了重大贡献。人们对它们的幼虫垂直迁移到较浅水域并经历更强的水流和更丰富的食物供应的程度知之甚少。在这里，我们首先提供了喷口物种表面扩散的早期生活史特征和群体遗传学证据。培养红血笠Shinkailepas myojinensis（腹足纲：游形目：斑蝽科）浮游营养幼虫，观察其游泳行为并评估温度对生存和生长的影响。此外，根据 77 个样本的 1.2 kbp 线粒体 DNA 序列分析了种群结构，这些样本涵盖了该物种的地理和水深分布（西北太平洋，深度 442-1,227 米）。孵化的幼虫根据温度以 16.6–44.2 毫米/分钟的速度不断向上游动。考虑到它们在不进食的情况下存活时间很长，计算出从热液喷口到地表的垂直迁移需要约 4-43 天。喂食的幼虫在 25°C（其次是 20°C）下存活和生长最佳，该温度接近该物种地理范围内的海面温度。在成年帽贝出现的通风口栖息地的温度（≤15°C）下观察到很少或没有生长。群体遗传分析显示，相距 <1,350 公里的地区之间没有差异。 S.的幼虫。 myojinensis 最有可能迁移到地表水，那里的高浮游植物生物量和强大的水流使其能够在数月内生长和长距离扩散。海面温度可能是决定许多具有浮游营养早期发育的喷口特有物种地理分布的关键因素，进而决定各个喷口地点和区域的动物群组成。
Larval dispersal significantly contributes to the geographic distribution, population dynamics, and evolutionary processes of animals endemic to deep‐sea hydrothermal vents. Little is known as to the extent that their larvae migrate vertically to shallower waters and experience stronger currents and richer food supplies. Here, we first provide evidence from early life‐history traits and population genetics for the surface dispersal of a vent species. Planktotrophic larvae of a red blood limpet,Shinkailepas myojinensis(Gastropoda: Neritimorpha: Phenacolepadidae), were cultured to observe their swimming behavior and to evaluate the effects of temperature on survival and growth. In addition, the population structure was analyzed based on 1.2‐kbp mitochondrial DNA sequences from 77 specimens that cover the geographic and bathymetric distributions of the species (northwest Pacific, 442–1,227 m in depth). Hatched larvae constantly swam upward at 16.6–44.2 mm/min depending on temperature. Vertical migration from hydrothermal vents to the surface, calculated to take ~4–43 d, is attainable given their lengthy survival time without feeding. Fed larvae best survived and grew at 25°C (followed by 20°C), which approximates the sea surface temperature in the geographic range of the species. Little or no growth was observed at the temperature of the vent habitat where adult limpets occur (≤15°C). Population genetic analyses showed no differentiation among localities that are <1,350 km apart. The larvae ofS. myojinensismost likely migrate to the surface water, where high phytoplankton biomass and strong currents enable their growth and long distance dispersal over many months. Sea surface temperature may represent a critical factor in determining the geographic distribution of many vent endemic species with a planktotrophic early development, and in turn the faunal composition of individual vent sites and regions.