Pollen-mediated gene flow in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.): can genetically engineered and organic flax coexist?
Pollen-mediated gene flow in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.): can genetically engineered and organic flax coexist?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/hdy.2010.81
复制
发表时间：
2011-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Hall, L. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jhala, A. J.;Bhatt, H.;Hall, L. M.
共存允许种植者和消费者选择生产或购买常规或有机作物，这些作物具有已知的不定基因(GE)种子存在标准。亚麻(Linum usitatisimum L.)是一种多用途油籽作物，可通过基因工程提高工业、营养食品和制药市场的产品多样性和实用性。如果转基因亚麻被商业化释放，花粉介导的基因流动将在一定程度上决定转基因亚麻能否在不损害其他市场的情况下共存。作为商业化前风险评估的一部分，我们对两个亚麻品种之间的花粉介导的基因流动进行了量化。2006年至2007年，在加拿大西部的四个地点进行了实地实验，采用同心供体(20x20m)受体(120x120m)设计。通过高α-亚麻酸(ALA；18：3(顺式增量9，12，15))的显性等位基因对低ALA性状的异交效应来检测基因流。种子是从距离花粉供体不超过50米的8个方向上的接受花粉地收获的。用硫代巴比妥酸测试鉴定了高ALA种子，并将其作为基因流动的标志。二项分布和功率分析被用来预测在特定的a(可信区间)和功率(1-β)值下，统计上检测基因流频率所需的最小种子数。由于基因流动的频率很低，大约有400万颗种子被筛选出来，以获得准确的数量。基因流的频率在源头附近最高，在0.1m处平均为0.0185，但随着距离的增加迅速下降，在3m和35m处分别为0.0013和0.00003。在0.85~2.64m和5.68~17.56m之间，基因流分别减少到50%(O(50))和90%(O(90))。在距离花粉源35米的任何地点或年份都没有检测到基因流动，这表明基因流动的频率是
Coexistence allows growers and consumers the choice of producing or purchasing conventional or organic crops with known standards for adventitious presence of genetically engineered (GE) seed. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is multipurpose oilseed crop in which product diversity and utility could be enhanced for industrial, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical markets through genetic engineering. If GE flax were released commercially, pollen-mediated gene flow will determine in part whether GE flax could coexist without compromising other markets. As a part of pre-commercialization risk assessment, we quantified pollen-mediated gene flow between two cultivars of flax. Field experiments were conducted at four locations during 2006 and 2007 in western Canada using a concentric donor (20 x 20 m) receptor (120 x 120m) design. Gene flow was detected through the xenia effect of dominant alleles of high alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3(cis Delta 9,12,15)) to the low ALA trait. Seeds were harvested from the pollen recipient plots up to a distance of 50m in eight directions from the pollen donor. High ALA seeds were identified using a thiobarbituric acid test and served as a marker for gene flow. Binomial distribution and power analysis were used to predict the minimum number of seeds statistically required to detect the frequency of gene flow at specific a (confidence interval) and power (1-beta) values. As a result of the low frequency of gene flow, approximately 4 million seeds were screened to derive accurate quantification. Frequency of gene flow was highest near the source: averaging 0.0185 at 0.1m but declined rapidly with distance, 0.0013 and 0.00003 at 3 and 35 m, respectively. Gene flow was reduced to 50% (O(50)) and 90% (O(90)) between 0.85 to 2.64 m, and 5.68 to 17.56 m, respectively. No gene flow was detected at any site or year > 35m distance from the pollen source, suggesting that frequency of gene flow was