Injury incidence, severity and profile in Olympic combat sports: a comparative analysis of 7712 athlete exposures from three consecutive Olympic Games
Injury incidence, severity and profile in Olympic combat sports: a comparative analysis of 7712 athlete exposures from three consecutive Olympic Games
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DOI：
10.1136/bjsports-2020-102958
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发表时间：
2021-10-01
影响因子：
18.4
通讯作者：
Engebretsen, Lars
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lystad, Reidar P.;Alevras, Alexander;Engebretsen, Lars
目的描述和比较连续三届奥运会徒手格斗运动(拳击、柔道、跆拳道、摔跤)比赛损伤的流行病学情况。方法利用国际奥委会伤害监测系统的伤害数据和连续三届奥运会(即2008年北京奥运会、2012年伦敦奥运会和2016年里约热内卢奥运会)的官方比赛记录中的暴露数据进行前瞻性队列研究。每1000分钟暴露的竞争损伤发生率(IIRME)在95%的CI中使用泊松比率的标准公式计算。结果总的IIRME为7.8(95%CI为7.0~8.7)。柔道(9.6(95%CI 7.8~11.7))、拳击(9.2(95%CI 7.6~10.9))和跆拳道(7.7(95%CI 5.6~10.5))项目的IIRME显著高于摔跤(4.8(95%CI 3.6~6.2))。摔跤(39.6%)、柔道(35.9%)、跆拳道(32.5%)等项目因缺勤7天而导致受伤的比例高于拳击(21.0%)。受伤风险没有性别、体重类别或锦标赛回合的差异，但输掉比赛的运动员的IIRME明显高于获胜的对手(比率比3.59(95%CI 2.68比4.79))。结论奥运会格斗运动员平均每2.1小时比赛发生一次损伤。拳击、柔道和跆拳道的受伤风险明显高于摔跤。在比赛中受伤的人中，约有30%的人缺席了7天的比赛或训练。有必要确定奥运会格斗运动中受伤的可改变的风险因素，这反过来又可以作为伤害预防措施的目标，以减轻格斗运动运动员的受伤负担。
Objectives To describe and compare the epidemiology of competition injuries in unarmed combat sports (ie, boxing, judo, taekwondo and wrestling) in three consecutive Olympic Games. Methods Prospective cohort study using injury data from the IOC injury surveillance system and exposure data from official tournament records at three consecutive Olympic Games (ie, Beijing 2008, London 2012 and Rio de Janeiro 2016). Competition injury incidence rates per 1000 min of exposure (IIRME) were calculated with 95% CIs using standard formulae for Poisson rates. Results The overall IIRME was 7.8 (95% CI 7.0 to 8.7). The IIRME in judo (9.6 (95% CI 7.8 to 11.7)), boxing (9.2 (95% CI 7.6 to 10.9)) and taekwondo (7.7 (95% CI 5.6 to 10.5)) were significantly higher than in wrestling (4.8 (95% CI 3.6 to 6.2)). The proportion of injuries resulting in >7 days absence from competition or training was higher in wrestling (39.6%), judo (35.9%) and taekwondo (32.5%) than in boxing (21.0%). There was no difference in injury risk by sex, weight category or tournament round, but athletes that lost had significantly higher IIRME compared with their winning opponents (rate ratio 3.59 (95% CI 2.68 to 4.79)). Conclusion Olympic combat sport athletes sustained, on average, one injury every 2.1 hours of competition. The risk of injury was significantly higher in boxing, judo and taekwondo than in wrestling. About 30% of injuries sustained during competition resulted in >7 days absence from competition or training. There is a need for identifying modifiable risk factors for injury in Olympic combat sports, which in turn can be targeted by injury prevention initiatives to reduce the burden of injury among combat sport athletes.