Air pollution, health and social deprivation: A fine-scale risk assessment
Air pollution, health and social deprivation: A fine-scale risk assessment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.030
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发表时间：
2016-05-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Slama, Remy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Morelli, Xavier;Rieux, Camille;Slama, Remy
风险评估研究往往忽略了城市内空气污染物的变化。我们的目标是量化与细颗粒物（PM2.5）暴露在2个城市地区使用细尺度空气污染模型的风险，并描述这种风险如何根据社会剥夺而变化。2012年，在格勒诺布尔和里昂地区（分别为40万和120万居民），通过将扩散模型与人口密度相结合，在10 x 10 m网格上估计了PM2.5暴露。结局为死亡率、肺癌和足月低出生体重发生率。空气污染引起的病例是根据欧洲空气污染指数（EDI）对总体和分层地区进行估计的，以10微克/立方米（mug/m3）的年平均值作为参考（反事实）水平。假设城市区域内空气污染物的空间均匀性，重复进行估计。格勒诺布尔和里昂市区的PM2.5中位水平分别为18.1和19.6 μ g/m3，分别对应于114例（占总数的5.1%，95%置信区间，CI，3.2-7.0%）和491例（占总数的6.0%，95% CI 3.7-8.3%）可归因于长期暴露于PM2.5的非意外死亡。格勒诺布尔和里昂的归因足月低出生体重病例分别占总病例的23.6%（9.0-37.1%）和27.6%（10.7-42.6%）。在格勒诺布尔，6.8%的肺癌病例可归因于空气污染（95% CI 3.1-10.1%）。当估计通过背景站的暴露时，风险降低了8%至20%。风险是最高的社区与中级至高级社会剥夺。依靠本底监测站估计空气污染水平的风险评估研究可能低估了可归因的风险。(C)2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Risk assessment studies often ignore within-city variations of air pollutants. Our objective was to quantify the risk associated with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure in 2 urban areas using fine scale air pollution modeling and to characterize how this risk varied according to social deprivation. In Grenoble and Lyon areas (0.4 and 1.2 million inhabitants, respectively) in 2012, PM2.5 exposure was estimated on a 10 x 10 m grid by coupling a dispersion model to population density. Outcomes were mortality, lung cancer and term low birth weight incidences. Cases attributable to air pollution were estimated overall and stratifying areas according to the European Deprivation Index (EDI), taking 10 mu g/m(3) yearly average as reference (counterfactual) level. Estimations were repeated assuming spatial homogeneity of air pollutants within urban area. Median PM2.5 levels were 18.1 and 19.6 mu g/m(3) in Grenoble and Lyon urban areas, respectively, corresponding to 114(5.1% of total, 95% confidence interval, CI, 3.2-7.0%) and 491 non-accidental deaths (6.0% of total, 95% CI 3.7-8.3%) attributable to long-term exposure to PM2.5, respectively. Attributable term low birth weight cases represented 23.6% of total cases (9.0-37.1%) in Grenoble and 27.6% of cases (10.7-42.6%) in Lyon. In Grenoble, 6.8% of incident lung cancer cases were attributable to air pollution (95% CI 3.1-10.1%). Risk was lower by 8 to 20% when estimating exposure through background stations. Risk was highest in neighborhoods with intermediate to higher social deprivation. Risk assessment studies relying on background stations to estimate air pollution levels may underestimate the attributable risk. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.