Problems of Hydrology and Plant Distribution in Mires
Problems of Hydrology and Plant Distribution in Mires
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泥沼中的水文和植物分布问题
DOI：
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发表时间：
1967
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Ingram
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Ingram
沼泽生态学的大量文献中包含了大量的参考资料，认为地下水运动是决定沼泽植被分布的一个重要因素。然而，许多帐户只是偶然提到它，它很少得到详细的关注，它经常提到似乎要求。本文是对沼泽水文作为一种生态因子的介绍性综述。近年来，人们采用了各种技术来研究土壤中的水循环。这种环流在沼泽中最明显的影响是使其植被向更富营养化的类型转变。因此，关于沼泽和沼泽之间关系的经典观点可能需要修正，因为它们对这种影响考虑得太少。本文提请注意的一些可能的机制，通过运动的水通过沼泽土壤可能会影响植物的发展。它检查的假设，垂直和水平运动可能会共同影响离子运输通过土壤和泥炭中的交换网站的吸收，植物本身可能会重新分配某些离子，和营养离子物种的可用性可能会决定在建立过程中种间竞争的结果。它还考虑了水文学，土壤大气和植物生长之间可能的相互作用，并强调了水轨道作为生态研究场所的重要性。在戈德温（1956年）和斯堪的纳维亚植物地理学家的意义上，“沼泽”一词将用来表示整个范围的浸满水的泥炭沉积物，连同它们的排水系统和植被。它不会被用于限制的意义上最近提倡的某些学生苏格兰山区植被（麦克维恩和拉特克利夫1962年;拉特克利夫在伯内特1964年）。术语“毯状沼泽”、“隆起沼泽”和“沼泽”也将在常规意义上使用（戈德温，1956年）。中营养沼泽，沼泽和沼泽之间的中间，将被称为“穷人沼泽”。
The extensive literature of mire ecology contains numerous references to the supposed importance of ground water movement as a factor determining the distribution of mire vegetation. Nevertheless, many accounts refer to it only incidentally and it has seldom received the detailed attention which its frequent mention would seem to demand. This paper is an introductory survey of mire hydrology, regarded as an ecological factor. Various techniques have recently been introduced for the study of water circulation in soils. The most obvious effect of such circulation in mires is to modify their vegetation towards more eutrophic types. Thus, classical views of the relationship between bogs and fens may require revision, because they took too little account of this effect. The paper draws attention to some of the possible mechanisms by which the movement of water through a mire soil may influence plant development. It examines the hypotheses that vertical and horizontal movements may together affect ion transport through the soil and uptake from exchange sites in the peat; that the plants themselves may later redistribute certain ions; and that the availability of nutrient ion species may determine the outcome of interspecific competition during establishment. It also considers the probable interactions between hydrology, the soil atmosphere and plant growth and emphasizes the importance of water tracks as sites for ecological study. The term 'mire' will be employed in the sense of Godwin (1956), and of the Scandinavian phytogeographers, to denote the entire range of deposits of waterlogged peat, together with their drainage systems and vegetation. It will not be used in the restricted sense recently advocated by certain students of Scottish mountain vegetation (McVean & Ratcliffe 1962; Ratcliffe in Burnett 1964). The terms 'blanket bog', 'raised bog' and 'fen' will also be used in the conventional sense (Godwin 1956). Mesotrophic mires, intermediate between fen and bog, will be referred to as 'poor fen'.