Late Miocene origin of an Ibero-Maghrebian clade of ground beetles with multiple colonizations of the subterranean environment
Late Miocene origin of an Ibero-Maghrebian clade of ground beetles with multiple colonizations of the subterranean environment
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DOI：
10.1111/jbi.12349
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发表时间：
2014-10-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Ribera, Ignacio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Faille, Arnaud;Andujar, Carmelo;Ribera, Ignacio
目的测试黄蝽类地面甲虫进化的不同生物地理场景，黄蝽类是一个拥有许多分布狭窄的不会飞的地下物种的谱系，非常适合追踪其生物地理历史。地点古北极西部，重点是伊比利亚东南部和摩洛哥北部之间的贝蒂克-里芬地区。方法我们对 15 个物种的 30 个个体的 3.3kb 的 4 个线粒体和 2 个核基因进行了测序。 T.fulvus 群，加上 29 个外群。我们使用贝叶斯概率和先验进化率重建了它们的系统发育和估计的分歧时间，并使用最大似然重建了它们的祖先分布。结果系统发育重建揭示了 T.fulvus 群体内地下环境的多个独立殖民，这一情况也得到了穴居性特征变异的支持。大多数摩洛哥和伊比利亚东南部物种形成一个具有强大地理结构的分支，包括以前的安托瓦内拉属。最适合该群体当前分布和系统发育的生物地理模型是中新世晚期的古地理情景，其中贝蒂克和里夫地区有孤立的种群，摩洛哥北部物种起源于伊比利亚东南部。广泛分布的 T.fulvus 是摩洛哥中部物种的姐妹，这表明该群体内发生了第二次伊比利亚-北非变异事件。其中一个物种 T.lallemantii 在更新世期间将其范围扩大到东部（阿尔及利亚和突尼斯）和北部（伊比利亚半岛极南）。主要结论 T.fulvus 群起源于中新世早期，在托尔托尼世有伊比利亚东南部谱系。该血统在麦西尼亚时期分散到摩洛哥，在阿特拉斯和里夫地区快速连续地多样化，并多次殖民地下环境。中新世末贝蒂克-里夫地区的地理仍然可以从该类群现存物种的分布中追踪到。
AimTo test different biogeographical scenarios for the evolution of the ground beetles of the Trechus fulvus group, a lineage with many narrowly distributed flightless subterranean species, highly suitable for tracing their biogeographical history.LocationThe Western Palaearctic, focusing on the Betic-Rifean area between south-east Iberia and north Morocco.MethodsWe sequenced 3.3kb of four mitochondrial and two nuclear genes of 30 individuals of 15 species of the T.fulvus group, plus 29 outgroups. We reconstructed their phylogeny and estimated divergence times using Bayesian probabilities and a priori evolutionary rates, and their ancestral distribution using maximum likelihood.ResultsThe phylogenetic reconstruction uncovered multiple independent colonizations of the subterranean environment within the T.fulvus group, a scenario also supported by variation in troglomorphic characters. Most of the Moroccan and south-east Iberian species form a clade with strong geographical structure, including the former genus Antoinella. The biogeographical model best fitting the current distribution and phylogeny of the group was a late Miocene palaeogeographical scenario with isolated populations on the Betic and Rifean areas and a south-eastern Iberian origin of the north Moroccan species. The widespread T.fulvus was sister to a central Moroccan species, suggesting a second Iberian-North African vicariance event within the group. One of the species, T.lallemantii, expanded its range to the east (Algeria and Tunisia) and the north (extreme south of the Iberian Peninsula) during the Pleistocene.Main conclusionsThe T.fulvus group originated in the early Miocene, and the south-eastern Iberian lineage in the Tortonian. The lineage dispersed to Morocco during the Messinian, diversifying in rapid succession in the Atlas and the Rif and colonizing the subterranean environment multiple times. The geography of the Betic-Rifean region at the end of the Miocene can still be traced from the distribution of the extant species of the group.