Functional properties of neurons in the primate tongue primary motor cortex during swallowing
Functional properties of neurons in the primate tongue primary motor cortex during swallowing
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.1997.78.3.1516
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发表时间：
1997-09-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Sessle, BJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martin, RE;Murray, GM;Sessle, BJ
最近在我们实验室进行的研究表明，舌头初级运动皮层（即，然而，舌迷区是否参与半自动舌运动，如吞咽运动，目前尚不清楚。因此，本研究是undertakein试图解决是否舌MI发挥了作用，在吞咽过程中产生的半自动舌运动。细胞外单神经元记录从舌MI，定义为皮层内微刺激（ICMS），在两个清醒的猴子，因为他们进行了三种类型的suallowing（吞咽果汁奖励后成功的舌头任务性能，非任务相关的吞咽液体丸，和非任务相关的吞咽固体丸），以及一个训练有素的舌头伸出任务。同时记录各种口面肌和喉肌的肌电活动。此外，传入输入到每个舌-MI神经元和ICMS诱发的运动输出特性在每个神经元记录网站进行了测定。神经元被认为是显示吞咽和/或伸舌任务相关的活动，如果一个统计学上显着的差异，放电率与这些行为相比，在控制试验前期间观察到。共80个神经元记录沿着40微电极穿透ICMS定义的舌-MI，69%的表现出显着的活动改变有关的吞咽果汁奖励，而66%的表现出显着的调制发射与性能的训练舌头伸出任务。此外，48%的人在吞咽和舌头伸出任务方面表现出显着的放电变化。这些研究结果表明，涉及吞咽的皮质区域包括MI，除了训练运动行为外，舌MT可能在半自动舌运动的调节中发挥作用。吞咽相关的舌-MI神经元表现出各种吞咽相关的活动模式，并分布在整个ICMS定义的舌-MI在ICMS诱发各种类型的舌运动的网站。这些发现与吞咽时激活多个传出区以产生舌运动的观点一致。许多吞咽相关的舌-MI神经元有口面机械感受野，特别是在舌背，支持传入输入可能参与吞咽协同调节的观点。
Recent studies conducted in our laboratory have suggested that the tongue primary motor cortex (i.e., tongue-MI) plays a critical role in the control of voluntary tongue movements in the primate, However, the possible involvement of tongue-Mi in semiautomatic tongue movements, such as those in swallowing, remains unkown. Therefore the present study was undertakein in attempts to address whether tongue-MI plays a role in the semiautomatic tongue movements produced during swallowing. Extracellular single neuron recordings were obtained from tongue-MI, defined by intracortical microstimulation (ICMS), in two awake monkeys as they performed three types of su allowing (swallowing of a juice reward after successful tongue task performance, nontask-related swallowing of a liquid bolus, and nontask-related swallowing of a solid bolus) as well as a trained tongue-protrusion task. Electromyographic activity was recorded simultaneously from various orofacial and laryngeal muscles. In addition, the afferent input to each tongue-MI neuron and ICMS-evoked motor output characteristics at each neuronal recording site were determined. Neurons were considered to show swallow and/or tongue-protrusion task-related activity if a statistically significant difference in firing rate was seen in association with these behaviors compared with that observed during a control pretrial period. Of a total of 80 neurons recorded along 40 microelectrode penetrations in the ICMS-defined tongue-MI, 69% showed significant alterations of activity in relation to the swallowing of a juice reward, whereas 66% exhibited significant modulations of firing in association with performance of the trained tongue-protrusion task. Moreover, 48% showed significant alterations of firing in relation to both swallowing and the tongue-protrusion task. These findings suggest that the region of cortex involved in swallowing includes MI and that tongue-MT may play a role in the regulation of semiautomatic tongue movement, in addition to trained motor behavior. Swallow-related tongue-Mi neurons exhibited a variety of swallow-related activity patterns and were distributed throughout the ICMS-defined tongue-MI at sites where ICMS evoked a variety of types of tongue movements. These findings are consistent with the view that multiple efferent zones for the production of tongue movements are activated in swallowing. Many swallow-related tongue-MI neurons had an orofacial mechanoreceptive field, particularly on the tongue dorsum, supporting the view that afferent inputs may be involved in the regulation of the swallowing synergy.