Agricultural practices for food safety threaten pest control services for fresh produce
Agricultural practices for food safety threaten pest control services for fresh produce
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.12707
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Kremen, Claire
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Karp, Daniel S.;Moses, Rebekah;Kremen, Claire
1. 过去十年中，多次食源性疾病的爆发引发了生鲜农产品行业的广泛改革。随后对野生动物媒介和污染粪便的担忧给种植者带来了压力，要求他们停止使用基于粪便的堆肥并清除附近的半自然植被。尽管广泛采用，但这些做法对害虫防治等生态系统服务的影响尚未得到评估。2．我们使用景观规模的现场实验来量化堆肥应用、半自然植被、害虫防治服务和整个加州中央海岸有机农场（该地区正在经历食品安全改革）的生菜产量之间的关联。3。我们发现周围有半自然植被的农场支持着多样化的节肢动物群落，而以草食动物为主的群落占据了简化景观中的农场。此外，在周围非农作物植被较多的地区，掠食性节肢动物会捕食更多的食草动物，并减少生菜中的蚜虫害虫侵染。4．堆肥通过增加土壤养分和有机质来提高生菜产量，但既不影响害虫防治，也不影响大肠杆菌的流行。5．合成与应用。食品安全问题促使人们采取简化农场和景观的做法。我们的结果表明，消除基于粪便的堆肥和去除非农作物植被这两种做法可能会对节肢动物生物多样性、害虫控制和土壤质量产生负面影响。至关重要的是，我们的发现和之前的研究表明，堆肥可以安全使用，而栖息地的清除可能无法有效降低食品安全风险。因此，通过应用经过适当处理的堆肥和停止栖息地清除，可以共同管理新鲜农产品田，以实现食品安全、生态系统服务和生物多样性。
1. Over the past decade, several foodborne disease outbreaks provoked widespread reforms to the fresh produce industry. Subsequent concerns about wildlife vectors and contaminated manures created pressure on growers to discontinue use of manure-based composts and remove nearby semi-natural vegetation. Despite widespread adoption, impacts of these practices on ecosystem services such as pest control have not been assessed.2. We used a landscape-scale field experiment to quantify associations between compost applications, semi-natural vegetation, pest control services and lettuce yields on organic farms throughout California's Central Coast, a region experiencing food safety reforms.3. We found that farms with surrounding semi-natural vegetation supported a diverse arthropod assemblage, whereas a herbivore-dominated assemblage occupied farms in simplified landscapes. Moreover, predatory arthropods consumed more herbivores at sites with more surrounding non-crop vegetation and reduced aphid pest infestations in lettuce.4. Compost improved lettuce yields by increasing soil nutrients and organic matter, but affected neither pest control nor Escherichia coli prevalence.5. Synthesis and applications. Food safety concerns are prompting practices that simplify farms and landscapes. Our results demonstrate that two practices elimination of manure based composts and removal of non-crop vegetation are likely having negative impacts on arthropod biodiversity, pest control and soil quality. Critically, our findings and previous research suggest that compost can be applied safely and that habitat removal is likely ineffective at mitigating food safety risk. There is thus scope for co-managing fresh produce fields for food safety, ecosystem services, and biodiversity through applying appropriately treated composts and stopping habitat removal.