Kinematic Patterns Associated with the Vertical Force Produced during the Eggbeater Kick
Kinematic Patterns Associated with the Vertical Force Produced during the Eggbeater Kick
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DOI：
10.1080/02640414.2014.1003590
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发表时间：
2015-10-02
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Sanders, Ross H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oliveira, Nuno;Chiu, Chuang-Yuan;Sanders, Ross H.
这项研究的目的是确定在水球打蛋器踢球过程中使垂直力最大化的运动学模式。12名水球运动员被测试执行打蛋器踢球，躯干垂直对齐，上肢高于水面，同时试图在9个打蛋器踢周期中保持尽可能高的出水位置。计算了小腿关节的角运动学、俯仰角和足部速度。在打蛋器踢球周期中产生的垂直力是使用独立的下半身部分和组合的上半身部分的逆动力学计算的，并使用参与者特定的重量和浮力贡献的二次回归方程。垂直力量与髋关节屈曲(平均，r=0.691；最大，r=0.791；活动范围，r=0.710)、髋外展(最大，r=0.654)、膝关节屈曲(平均，r=0.716；最小，r=0.653)和膝关节屈伸角度速度(r=0.758)相关。髋关节的有效方向导致双脚快速水平运动，俯仰角为正。足部垂直运动与垂直力呈负相关。由最大髋外展度、髋关节屈曲活动度和膝关节屈曲角速度等非共线变量组成的多元回归模型可解释归一化垂直力的81%的方差。在水球比赛中，为获得较高的成绩，打蛋者应通过臀部较大的外展和屈曲，以及膝盖的快速伸展和屈曲，用脚进行快速水平运动。
The purpose of this study was to determine the kinematic patterns that maximized the vertical force produced during the water polo eggbeater kick. Twelve water polo players were tested executing the eggbeater kick with the trunk aligned vertically and with the upper limbs above water while trying to maintain as high a position as possible out of the water for nine eggbeater kick cycles. Lower limb joint angular kinematics, pitch angles and speed of the feet were calculated. The vertical force produced during the eggbeater kick cycle was calculated using inverse dynamics for the independent lower body segments and combined upper body segments, and a participant-specific second-degree regression equation for the weight and buoyancy contributions. Vertical force normalized to body weight was associated with hip flexion (average, r=0.691; maximum, r=0.791; range of motion, r=0.710), hip abduction (maximum, r=0.654), knee flexion (average, r=0.716; minimum, r=0.653) and knee flexion-extension angular velocity (r=0.758). Effective orientation of the hips resulted in fast horizontal motion of the feet with positive pitch angles. Vertical motion of the feet was negatively associated with vertical force. A multiple regression model comprising the non-collinear variables of maximum hip abduction, hip flexion range of motion and knee flexion angular velocity accounted for 81% of the variance in normalized vertical force. For high performance in the water polo, eggbeater kick players should execute fast horizontal motion with the feet by having large abduction and flexion of the hips, and fast extension and flexion of the knees.