The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) Science White Paper
The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) Science White Paper
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2019-05
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X. Bai;B. Bi;X. Bi;Z. Cao;S. Z. Chen;Y. Chen;A. Chiavassa;X. Cui;Z. Dai;D. Volpe;T. D. Girolamo;G. Sciascio;11 Y.Z.Fan;J. Giacalone;Y. Guo;H. He;T. He;M. Heller;D.Huang;Y. F.Huang;H. Jia;L. Ksenofontov;D. Leahy;F. Li;Z. Li;E. Liang;P. Lipari;R. Liu;Y. Liu;S. Liu;X. Ma;O. Martineau-Huynh;D. Martraire;T. Montaruli;D. Ruffolo;Y. Stenkin;H. Su;T. Tam;Q. Tang;W. Tian;P. Vallania;S. Vernetto;C. Vigorito;J. Wang;L. Wang;X. Wang;X. Y. Wang;X. J. Wang;Z. Wang;D. Wei;J. Wei;D. Wu;H. Wu;X. Wu;D. Yan;A. Yang;R. Yang;Z. Yao;L. Yin;Q. Yuan;B. Zhang;L. Zhang;M. Zhang;S. Zhang;X. Zhang;Y. Zhao;X. Zhou;F. Zhu;H. I. O. Astrophysics;I. Physics;Cas;Beijing;China.;D'epartement de Physique Nucl'eaire et Corpusculaire-D'epartement-de-Physique-Nucl'eaire-et-1387986038;U. Geneve;Geneve;Switzerland.;P. Department;South Dakota School of Mines;Technology;Rapid City;Sd;Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica;Oato;Torino;Italy.;D. Fisica;U. Torino;National Astronomical Observatories;School of Physics Astronomy;S. Sciences;N. University;Purple Mountain Observatory;Nanjing;Lunar;Planetary Laboratory;U. Arizona;Az Tucson;Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universita di NapoliFederico-Dipartimento-di-Fisica-dell'Universita-di-1387986016;C. U. D. M. Sant'Angelo;Napoli;Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare;S. Napoli;School of Materials Science;S. University;Chengdu;Laboratoire de Physique Nucl'eaire et de Hautes Energies-Laboratoire-de-Physique-Nucl'eaire-et-de-Hautes-92859056;CNRS-IN2P3.;Universit'es VI et Vii;France.;Y. S. I. O. C. Research;Aeronomy Sb Ras;Yakutsk;Russia.;D. PhysicsAstronomy;U. Calgary;Canada.;D. Physics;G. University;Nanning;S. Roma1;Roma;D. O. Astronomy;T. Physics;Shandong University;Jinan;Faculty of Computer Science;M. University;Bangkok.;Thailand;Infn;Sez. Roma Tor Vergata;National Research Nuclear University MEPhI;Moscow;I.Zborovsky Joint Institute for Nuclear Research;R. A. O. Sciences;I. O. Astronomy;S. Science;S. University;Guangzhou;School of Materials Science;N. University;Nanchang;Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino dell'Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica-Osservatorio-Astrofisico-di-Torino-dell'Istituto-di-1387986003;S. D. Torino;D. B. M. U. D. Torino-D.-B.-M.-U.-D.-Torino-1387986010;Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory;Astronomy;U. Nevada;L. Vegas;Nv;Usa;S. O. Physics;Peking University;K. I. O. Astronomy;Astrophysics;Sichuan;Key laboratory for Research in Galaxies;Cosmology;S. Observatory;Chinese Academy of Sciences;M. Kernphysik;Heidelberg;H Germany;Key Laboratory for the Structure;Evolution of Celestial Objects;Y. Observatory;Kunming;Key Laboratory of Astroparticle Physics of Yunnan Province-Key-Laboratory-of-Astroparticle-Physics-of-Yunnan-1387986001;Y. University
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作者：
X. Bai;B. Bi;X. Bi;Z. Cao;S. Z. Chen;Y. Chen;A. Chiavassa;X. Cui;Z. Dai;D. Volpe;T. D. Girolamo;G. Sciascio;11 Y.Z.Fan;J. Giacalone;Y. Guo;H. He;T. He;M. Heller;D.Huang;Y. F.Huang;H. Jia;L. Ksenofontov;D. Leahy;F. Li;Z. Li;E. Liang;P. Lipari;R. Liu;Y. Liu;S. Liu;X. Ma;O. Martineau-Huynh;D. Martraire;T. Montaruli;D. Ruffolo;Y. Stenkin;H. Su;T. Tam;Q. Tang;W. Tian;P. Vallania;S. Vernetto;C. Vigorito;J. Wang;L. Wang;X. Wang;X. Y. Wang;X. J. Wang;Z. Wang;D. Wei;J. Wei;D. Wu;H. Wu;X. Wu;D. Yan;A. Yang;R. Yang;Z. Yao;L. Yin;Q. Yuan;B. Zhang;L. Zhang;M. Zhang;S. Zhang;X. Zhang;Y. Zhao;X. Zhou;F. Zhu;H. I. O. Astrophysics;I. Physics;Cas;Beijing;China.;D'epartement de Physique Nucl'eaire et Corpusculaire-D'epartement-de-Physique-Nucl'eaire-et-1387986038;U. Geneve;Geneve;Switzerland.;P. Department;South Dakota School of Mines;Technology;Rapid City;Sd;Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica;Oato;Torino;Italy.;D. Fisica;U. Torino;National Astronomical Observatories;School of Physics Astronomy;S. Sciences;N. University;Purple Mountain Observatory;Nanjing;Lunar;Planetary Laboratory;U. Arizona;Az Tucson;Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universita di NapoliFederico-Dipartimento-di-Fisica-dell'Universita-di-1387986016;C. U. D. M. Sant'Angelo;Napoli;Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare;S. Napoli;School of Materials Science;S. University;Chengdu;Laboratoire de Physique Nucl'eaire et de Hautes Energies-Laboratoire-de-Physique-Nucl'eaire-et-de-Hautes-92859056;CNRS-IN2P3.;Universit'es VI et Vii;France.;Y. S. I. O. C. Research;Aeronomy Sb Ras;Yakutsk;Russia.;D. PhysicsAstronomy;U. Calgary;Canada.;D. Physics;G. University;Nanning;S. Roma1;Roma;D. O. Astronomy;T. Physics;Shandong University;Jinan;Faculty of Computer Science;M. University;Bangkok.;Thailand;Infn;Sez. Roma Tor Vergata;National Research Nuclear University MEPhI;Moscow;I.Zborovsky Joint Institute for Nuclear Research;R. A. O. Sciences;I. O. Astronomy;S. Science;S. University;Guangzhou;School of Materials Science;N. University;Nanchang;Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino dell'Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica-Osservatorio-Astrofisico-di-Torino-dell'Istituto-di-1387986003;S. D. Torino;D. B. M. U. D. Torino-D.-B.-M.-U.-D.-Torino-1387986010;Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory;Astronomy;U. Nevada;L. Vegas;Nv;Usa;S. O. Physics;Peking University;K. I. O. Astronomy;Astrophysics;Sichuan;Key laboratory for Research in Galaxies;Cosmology;S. Observatory;Chinese Academy of Sciences;M. Kernphysik;Heidelberg;H Germany;Key Laboratory for the Structure;Evolution of Celestial Objects;Y. Observatory;Kunming;Key Laboratory of Astroparticle Physics of Yunnan Province-Key-Laboratory-of-Astroparticle-Physics-of-Yunnan-1387986001;Y. University
大型高海拔空气簇射观测站（LHAASO）项目是一个新一代多分量仪器，将建在中国四川省海拔4410米处，目的是以前所未有的灵敏度研究能量范围在10$^{12}$和10$^{18}$ eV之间的宇宙线的光谱、成分和各向异性，并同时充当宽口径（一个立体辐射）、连续运行的伽马射线望远镜，能量范围在10$^{11}$和10 $^{15}$ eV之间。该实验将能够连续地观测TeV空间中100 GeV至1 PeV的稳定和瞬态源，从而首次开辟了100-1000 TeV范围内的高能宇宙线源的直接观测。此外，将在LHAASO中测量的不同可观测量（电子，μ子和切伦科夫/荧光成分）将允许通过测量能量谱，元素组成和各向异性以前所未有的分辨率调查辐射的起源，加速和传播。LHAASO在宇宙射线物理学和伽马天文学方面的卓越灵敏度将在探索高能宇宙的综合性总体计划中发挥关键作用。LHAASO将允许基础物理学（如间接暗物质搜索，洛伦兹不变性破坏，量子引力）以及太阳和日光层物理学的重要研究。在本文中，我们介绍了LHAASO的概念和主要的科学目标，提供了该项目的概述。
The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) project is a new generation multi-component instrument, to be built at 4410 meters of altitude in the Sichuan province of China, with the aim to study with unprecedented sensitivity the spec trum, the composition and the anisotropy of cosmic rays in the energy range between 10$^{12}$ and 10$^{18}$ eV, as well as to act simultaneously as a wide aperture (one stereoradiant), continuously-operated gamma ray telescope in the energy range between 10$^{11}$ and $10^{15}$ eV. The experiment will be able of continuously surveying the TeV sky for steady and transient sources from 100 GeV to 1 PeV, t hus opening for the first time the 100-1000 TeV range to the direct observations of the high energy cosmic ray sources. In addition, the different observables (electronic, muonic and Cherenkov/fluorescence components) that will be measured in LHAASO will allow to investigate origin, acceleration and propagation of the radiation through a measurement of energy spec trum, elemental composition and anisotropy with unprecedented resolution. The remarkable sensitivity of LHAASO in cosmic rays physics and gamma astronomy would play a key-role in the comprehensive general program to explore the High Energy Universe. LHAASO will allow important studies of fundamental physics (such as indirect dark matter search, Lorentz invariance violation, quantum gravity) and solar and heliospheric physics. In this document we introduce the concept of LHAASO and the main science goals, providing an overview of the project.