Forest-steppe fires as moving disasters in the Mongolia-Russian borderland
Forest-steppe fires as moving disasters in the Mongolia-Russian borderland
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/24761028.2022.2113493
复制
发表时间：
2022-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mari Kazato;Battur Soyollham
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mari Kazato;Battur Soyollham
森林草原火灾（即草地或森林野火）对许多国家的生态系统和经济造成严重影响。许多研究人员，如生态学家、气象学家、地理学家和经济学家，从宏观的角度研究了这种野火的原因和结果。然而，之前关于蒙古灾害社会影响的研究主要集中在zuds上，这是一种定期发生并影响整个国家的严重暴风雪。相比之下，森林草原火灾的范围有限，一般限于该国的某一部分，特别是森林草原地区。本研究描述了火灾和消防活动对蒙古的影响，重点是俄罗斯和中国之间的东部边境地区。主要案例研究在与俄罗斯接壤的蒙古东部进行；然而，由于森林草原火灾是一种流动的灾害，火灾有时会跨越社会边界，跨越国内和国际边界。此外，由于火灾随风移动，一些影响蒙古的火灾起源于俄罗斯。我们发现，就火灾造成的损失而言，受损地区和未受损地区之间的差异很大。一个地区是否受到影响，不仅取决于其与火源的距离，还取决于火势的路径和速度，而这些路径和速度受风向、地理位置、道路网络（可以作为天然和人造的防火屏障或防火屏障）和人类努力的影响。
ABSTRACT Forest-steppe fires (i.e., wildfires on grassland or forest) have serious impacts on ecosystems and economies in many countries. Many researchers, such as ecologists, meteorologists, geographers, and economists, have studied the causes and results of such wildfires from macro viewpoints. However, prior studies on the social impacts of disasters in Mongolia have mainly focused on zuds, which are harsh snow storms that occur regularly and affect the entire country. In contrast, forest-steppe fires have a limited range and are generally restricted to a certain part of the country, specifically the forest-steppe zone. This study describes the impact of fires and firefighting activities in Mongolia, focusing on the eastern borderland between Russia and China. The main case study was conducted in Eastern Mongolia bordering Russia; however, as forest-steppe fires are moving disasters, fires occasionally cross social boundaries and both domestic and international borders. Additionally, as fires move with the wind, some fires that impact Mongolia originate in Russia. We found a high contrast between damaged and non-damaged places in terms of the loss incurred as a result of the fire. Whether an area is affected depends not only on its distance from fires’ points of origin but also on fire path and speed, which are influenced by wind direction, geography, road network (which can operate as natural and human-made firebreak or fire blocker) and human efforts.