[Formaldehyde exposure levels and exposure control measures during an anatomy dissecting course].
[Formaldehyde exposure levels and exposure control measures during an anatomy dissecting course].
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[解剖学课程中的甲醛暴露水平和暴露控制措施]。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Masatoshi Tanaka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kazuko Tanaka;K. Nishiyama;Hiroyuki Yaginuma;Akihiko Sasaki;Takahumi Maeda;Sinjiro Kaneko;T. Onami;Masatoshi Tanaka
尸体上甲醛的挥发会使学生和教师接触到大量甲醛。甲醛被认为是人类鼻咽和鼻腔肿瘤的可能原因。由于这个原因，日本文部科学省（MEXT）于2002年制定了一项指导方针，其中包括减少大体解剖实验室中的气态甲醛，以及向医学生提供有关甲醛毒性和避免皮肤、粘膜、膜等损伤的保护方法的指南。为了了解学生对这一通知的意识应该采取什么有效的计划，本研究测量了解剖室中的气态甲醛浓度，并分析了甲醛相关症状和使用防护措施的频率。该研究在解剖解剖练习期间进行了3个月。我们发现，在移除尸体的塑料覆盖物后，解剖室中的甲醛浓度立即急剧上升。在课程开始10分钟后，浓度达到0.62 ppm的峰值点。这远远高于日本职业健康协会设定的0.5ppm的建议水平。在达到峰值30分钟后，甲醛水平开始逐渐降低至0.11 ppm的水平。在59%的学生中观察到甲醛相关症状。他们在治疗过程中出现了眼、鼻、喉、气道、皮肤刺激和头痛的症状。角膜接触镜使用者的眼部不适明显高于眼镜使用者或正常视力组。虽然已向每位学生告知有关甲醛毒性的指引及其防止对皮肤、粘膜等造成损害的防护措施，但只有52%的学生在每堂实践课上都同时使用含活性炭的口罩和橡胶手套。国际化学品安全计划的环境卫生标准89指出，“必须考虑到甲醛液体不会通过皮肤直接吸收到组织中”。因此，在某些情况下，可以允许学生徒手触摸经甲醛含量固定剂处理的尸体，以了解某些器官和组织的感觉。结果表明，实习期间，解剖室的学生和教师应严格遵守卫生监督的规定，包括采取防护措施的必要性、室内空气中甲醛的监测等。
The evaporation of formaldehyde from cadavers can produce high exposures among students and instructors. A possible causal role for formaldehyde has been considered likely for tumor of the nasopharynx and the nasal cavities in human beings. Due to this reason, Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) has set a guideline, which includes--decrease in gaseous formaldehyde in gross anatomy dissection laboratories and a guide to medical students about the toxicity of formaldehyde and protective method to avoid damages to skin, mucous, membrane, etc, in 2002. To understand what effective plans should be regarding the awareness of students about this notification, this study measured the gaseous formaldehyde concentrations in the anatomy dissection room and also analyzed the formaldehyde-related symptoms, and frequency of using protective measures. The study was conducted over a period of 3 months during the anatomy dissection exercise. We found that immediately after removing the cadavers' plastic covering, formaldehyde concentrations in the dissection room increased sharply. The concentration reached a peak point of 0.62 ppm after 10 minutes of starting of the class. This was much above the recommended level of 0.5 ppm set by Japan Society for Occupational Health. After 30 minutes of achieving the peak the formaldehyde level started decreasing gradually to a level of 0.11 ppm. Formaldehyde-related symptoms were observed in 59% of students. They had experienced symptoms of irritation of eyes, nose, throat, airways, skin, and headache during the course. Ocular discomfort was found significantly higher in the contact lenses users compared to the spectacle users or the normal eye sight group. Although, the guidelines about toxicity of formaldehyde and its protective measures to prevent damages to skin, mucous membrane etc. were informed to every student, only 52% of the students used both the mask containing activated carbon and the rubber gloves in every practical class without fail. Environmental Health Criteria 89 of International Program of Chemical Safety states, "It must be regarded that formaldehyde fluid is not absorbed directly into tissues through the skin". So the students may be allowed in some cases to touch the cadaver, treated by formaldehyde content fixative, by bare hands to understand the feel of certain organs and tissues. These results support that the rules of health supervision including necessity to use of protective measures, monitoring of indoor air formaldehyde etc. should be adhered by students and instructors in anatomy dissection room during the practical class.