Vitamin D intakes by children and adults in the United States differ among ethnic groups
Vitamin D intakes by children and adults in the United States differ among ethnic groups
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/135.10.2478
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发表时间：
2005-10-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Holick, Michael F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moore, Carolyn E.;Murphy, Mary M.;Holick, Michael F.
由于越来越多的报告不足和缺乏，美国对维生素D状况的担忧再次浮出水面。很少有食物天然含有维生素D，目前在美国很少有食物强化。估计了美国按年龄、性别和种族/民族群体从食物和食物加补充剂中摄入的维生素D。分析中包括了参加1999-2000年国家健康和营养调查（NHANES 1999-2000）的>= 1岁的个体。非西班牙裔（NH）白色，NH黑人，墨西哥裔美国人，和所有个人在美国的维生素D摄入量进行了估计和比较，与推荐的水平。儿童和青少年的维生素D摄入量最高，最高年龄组最低。在1-8岁的儿童中，69%的墨西哥裔美国人、59%的NH白色人和48%的NH黑人亚群达到或超过了食物中维生素D的充足摄入量（AI）水平。在>= 51岁的成年人中，只有4%的人达到或超过了食物中的铝。据估计，很少有19-50岁的女性或>= 51岁的男性和女性从食物中摄入推荐的维生素D水平。NH白色人群从食物加补充剂中摄入的维生素D平均摄入量始终最高，尽管所有≥ 51岁人群中只有一小部分摄入量高于推荐水平。老年人从食物和补充剂中摄入的维生素D与推荐水平之间存在巨大差异，特别是对于NH黑人和墨西哥裔美国成年人，需要进行干预。
Concerns about vitamin D status in the United States have resurfaced due to increasing reports of insufficiency and deficiency. Few foods contain vitamin D naturally, and currently few foods are fortified in the United States. Intakes of vitamin D in the United States from food and food plus supplements by age, sex, and race/ethnicity group were estimated. Individuals >= 1 y old who participated in the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2000) were included in the analysis. Vitamin D intake by non-Hispanic (NH) white, NH black, Mexican American, and all individuals in the United States was estimated and compared with recommended levels. Vitamin D intakes were highest among children and teenagers, and lowest in the oldest age categories. Among children age 1-8 y, adequate intake (AI) levels for vitamin D from food were met or exceeded by 69% of Mexican American, 59% of NH white, and 48% of NH black subpopulations. Among adults >= 51 y old, only 4% met or exceeded the Al from food alone. Few women 19-50 y old or men and women >= 51 y old were estimated to consume recommended vitamin D levels from food. Mean dietary intakes of vitamin D from food plus supplements were consistently highest among NH white populations, although only small proportions of all those >= 51 y old had intakes above the recommended levels. The large discrepancy between vitamin D intake by older individuals from food plus supplements and recommended levels, especially for NH black and Mexican American adults, warrants intervention.