Exposure to ambient air pollution and prenatal and early childhood health effects
Exposure to ambient air pollution and prenatal and early childhood health effects
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DOI：
10.1007/s10654-004-3005-9
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发表时间：
2005-02-01
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Ballester, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lacasaña, M;Esplugues, A;Ballester, F
在过去的几年里，人们越来越担心在怀孕期间或生命的第一年暴露在空气污染物中可能产生的影响；今天在我们的住所和街道上可能达到的暴露水平。在本研究中，对1994-2003年十年间发表的关于环境空气污染对胎儿和婴儿(即：不到一岁)可能影响的证据进行了修订。关于婴儿死亡率和暴露在颗粒物中的研究表明，尽管使用了不同的设计，但影响的大小具有显著的一致性。总体而言，数据显示，颗粒物浓度(以PM10衡量)每增加10微克/立方米，各种原因的新生儿后死亡率增加约5%，呼吸系统疾病的新生儿后死亡率增加约22%。关于对胎儿健康的损害，尽管结果并不总是一致的，但大多数研究表明，怀孕期间暴露在空气污染中有关联。然而，空气污染物对不良生殖结果的确切作用机制仍不清楚，怀孕期间最相关的暴露时间和可能代表更高风险的特定污染物也是未知的。需要进行后续研究，评估个人接触不同空气污染物的情况，以便充分评估每种污染物在不同孕期的影响，并就其可能的作用机制提出假设。
Over the last years, concern for the possible influence of exposure to air pollutants in children during gestation or the first years of life has grown; exposure levels which may be reached nowadays in our dwellings and in our streets. In the present study evidence over the possible impact of ambient air pollution on the foetus and the infants (i.e.: less than 1 year) published during the last decade, 1994-2003, are revised. Studies on infant mortality and exposure to particles show an outstanding consistence in the magnitude of the effects, despite the different designs used. As a whole, data show that an increase in 10 mug/m(3) of particle concentration ( measured as PM10) is associated with to about 5% increase in post-neonatal mortality for all causes and around 22% for post-neonatal mortality for respiratory diseases. Regarding damage in foetal health, although results are not always consistent, most studies show associations with exposure to air pollution during pregnancy. However, the precise mechanisms of action of air pollutants on adverse reproductive results are still unknown, so is the period of exposure most relevant during pregnancy and the specific pollutant which may represent a higher risk. Follow-up studies evaluating personal exposure to different air pollutants are required, allowing for the adequate evaluation of the impact of each pollutant in different periods of pregnancy, as well as providing hypotheses on their possible mechanisms of action.