A Diagnostic Framework for Understanding Climatology of Tails of Hourly Precipitation Extremes in the United States

A Diagnostic Framework for Understanding Climatology of Tails of Hourly Precipitation Extremes in the United States
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用于了解美国每小时降水极端事件尾部气候学的诊断框架

DOI:
10.1029/2018wr022732
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Foufoula-Georgiou, Efi
Foufoula-Georgiou, Efi
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Papalexiou, Simon Michael;AghaKouchak, Amir;Foufoula-Georgiou, Efi

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小时降水极值在水文设计中至关重要。它们的频率和幅度被封装在概率分布的尾部。传统的极值分析方法依赖于Pickands哈安等定理,该定理指出了假设渐近收敛的特定类型的尾部-对于真实的世界样本来说,这是一个有问题的假设。此外,流行的每小时降水量随机模型假设轻尾分布,以方便其数学公式。在实践中,关于每小时极端降水量的有限信息使得识别和量化其尾部高度不确定,特别是在逐站的基础上。然而,还没有进行全面的区域分析,以量化的aClimatology的尾巴诊断和预后的目的。在这里,我们对毗邻的美国进行这样的分析。我们引入了一种新的贝叶斯调整方法来评估幂型和拉伸指数尾之间的最佳模型,表明后者表现更好。我们提出了气候学的尾巴,并量化其沉重的超过4,000小时降水记录在美国各地,并提出三个主要结论。首先,我们表明,每小时的降水尾部比那些常用的重要影响,包括低估的极端更重。第二,我们提供了空间地图的尾巴的行为,揭示了一些惊人的连贯的空间模式,可用于推理的情况下,当地的意见。第三,我们发现了一个非线性增加的尾巴沉重与海拔,我们制定参数函数来描述这一法律。这些结果可以提高频率分析,概率预测,降雨径流建模以及历史观测和气候模型预测的降尺度的准确性。
Hourly precipitation extremes are crucial in hydrological design. Their frequency and magnitude is encapsulated in the probability distribution tail. Traditional extreme‐analysis methods rely on theorems, like the Pickands‐Balkema‐de Haan, indicating specific type of tails assuming asymptotic convergence—a questionable assumption for real‐world samples. Moreover, popular stochastic models for hourly precipitation presume light‐tailed distributions to facilitate their mathematical formulation. In practice, limited information on hourly precipitation extremes makes identifying and quantifying their tail highly uncertain, especially on a station‐by‐station basis. Yet no comprehensive regional analysis of tails has been undertaken to quantify aclimatology of tailsfor diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Here we undertake such an analysis for the conterminous United States. We introduce a novel Bayesian‐adjustment approach to assess the best model between power‐type and stretched‐exponential tails showing that the latter performs better. We present climatology of the tail and quantify its heaviness in over 4,000 hourly precipitation records across the United States and present three main conclusions. First, we show that hourly precipitation tails are heavier than those commonly used with important implications including underestimation of extremes. Second, we provide spatial maps of the tail behavior which reveal some strikingly coherent spatial patterns that can be used for inference in the absence of local observations. Third, we find a nonlinear increase in the tail heaviness with elevation and we formulate parametric functions to describe thislaw. These results can improve the accuracy of frequency analysis, probabilistic prediction, rainfall‐runoff modeling, and downscaling of historical observations and climate model projections.
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发表时间: 2011
影响因子: 5.4
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