Optimum and Market Equilibrium in a Model of a City without a Predetermined Center
Optimum and Market Equilibrium in a Model of a City without a Predetermined Center
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无预定中心城市模型中的最优均衡与市场均衡
DOI：
10.1068/a090849
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发表时间：
1977
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
O. Hochman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Borukhov;O. Hochman
大多数关于城市内部结构的理论文献都假设一个城市是围绕一个预定的中心组织起来的，并且城市中的所有交通都指向这个中心。这是一种过分简单化的说法。现代城市的交通不是都流向市中心就是都来自市中心，这是不正确的。在本文中，我们假设每个人都旅行到城市中的每个位置。个人选择的地点，最大限度地减少他们的交通和住房支出的总和。结果得到的社会优化和竞争性均衡。在这两种情况下，都有一个中心，那里的密度和土地价格较高;密度随着远离这个中心而下降。最优城市比“竞争性”城市更密集，这是由于在后一种情况下没有考虑外部性。
Most of the recent theoretical literature on the internal structure of cities has assumed that a city is organized around a predetermined center, and that all traffic in the city is oriented toward that point. This is an oversimplification. It is not correct that all traffic in modern cities either goes to the center or comes from the center. In this paper we assume that every individual travels to every location in the city. The individuals choose locations that minimize the sum of their transportation and housing expenditures. Results are obtained for a social optimization and for a competitive equilibrium. In both cases there is a center where the density and land prices are higher; the density decreases with distance from this center. The optimal city is more dense than the ‘competitive’ one owing to externalities which are not taken into account in the latter case.