Magnetic Storm Associated Perturbations of the Upper Atmosphere
Magnetic Storm Associated Perturbations of the Upper Atmosphere
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DOI：
10.1029/gm098p0227
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发表时间：
2013-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. W. Prölss
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. W. Prölss
本文试图总结目前所知的大尺度形态和磁暴相关的高层大气扰动的物理。首先，电能的耗散和由此产生的基本大气扰动效应在高纬度地区进行了说明。这些包括大的等离子体和中性风速、高的等离子体和中性气体温度以及中性气体成分的变化。这些扰动的一部分通过移动的大气扰动和大尺度风环流被输送到低纬度地区。例如，行进中的大气扰动被认为是赤道纬度观测到的瞬时密度扰动的原因;大尺度风则是将成分扰动输送到中纬度的原因。当地时间和季节变化归因于磁层风暴和太阳辐射驱动的风的相互作用。由于带电粒子牢固地嵌入其中性气体环境中，中性大气的任何扰动都会引起电离层扰动效应。这些包括由于大气扰动而产生的短持续时间的正风暴，由于大尺度风环流的变化而产生的长持续时间的正风暴，以及由于中性成分变化而产生的负风暴效应。尽管在理解高层大气风暴方面取得了重大进展，但仍存在许多悬而未决的问题，其中一些问题在本文的最后进行了总结。
This review attempts to summarize what is presently known about the large-scale morphology and the physics of magnetic storm associated perturbations of the upper atmosphere. First the dissipation of electrical energy and the resulting basic atmospheric disturbance effects at higher latitudes are described. These include large plasma and neutral wind velocities, high plasma and neutral gas temperatures, and changes in the neutral gas composition. Parts of these perturbations are transported toward lower latitudes by traveling atmospheric disturbances and by large-scale wind circulation. Traveling atmospheric disturbances, for example, are thought to be responsible for the transient density perturbations observed at equatorial latitudes; large-scale winds are made responsible for the transport of composition perturbations toward middle latitudes. Local time and seasonal variations are attributed to the interaction of magnetospheric storm and solar radiation driven winds. Since charged particles are firmly embedded in their neutral gas environment, any perturbation of the neutral atmosphere will cause ionospheric disturbance effects. These include short-duration positive storms due to traveling atmospheric disturbances, long-duration positive storms due to changes in the large-scale wind circulation, and negative storm effects due to neutral composition changes. Even though significant progress has been made in understanding upper atmospheric storms, many open questions remain, and some of these are summarized at the end of this review.