ORGANIZATION OF LANGUAGE AND BRAIN
ORGANIZATION OF LANGUAGE AND BRAIN
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DOI：
10.1126/science.170.3961.940
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发表时间：
1970-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
GESCHWIN.N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GESCHWIN.N
Norman Geschwind异常，因为病人显然不能说出正确的英语句子。典型的语法小词和结尾被省略了。尽管检查者催促，甚至当患者试图重复检查者所产生的正确句子时，这种失败仍然存在。这些患者可能表现出惊人的能力，找到单个单词。问其故，答曰：“若有一日，则有一日，则有一日。当被要求说出一个句子时，他可能会说：”天气......阴天。“这些患者在书面输出中总是表现出类似的障碍，但他们可以正常理解口头和书面语言。与这些表现形成鲜明对比的是，患者可能保留了他的音乐能力。一个常见但最引人注目的发现是，观察一个病人，他用很大的努力和很差的清晰度说出一个实质性的单词，但却正确地甚至优雅地唱出了一段旋律。由于布罗卡区与运动皮层非常接近，后者常常同时受损，因此这些患者常常遭受右侧身体瘫痪的痛苦。韦尼克型失语症与布罗卡型失语症形成鲜明对比。病人通常没有对侧的麻痹，这一事实反映了他的病变的解剖定位的差异。语音输出可以是快速和毫不费力的，在许多情况下，单词的产生速度超过正常。输出具有正常语音的节奏和旋律，但它非常空洞，传达的信息很少或根本没有。病人使用了许多填充词，讲话充满了迂回。可能会有许多错误的文字使用，这就是所谓的paraphasias。这可能会以单个声音的wellarticulated替换（所谓的字面或音素的paraphasia）的形式出现，例如”spoot”替换为”spoon”，或者一个单词替换为另一个单词（verbal paraphasia），例如”fork”替换为”spoon“。“一个典型的生产可能是，”我在另一个，然后在他们已经在部门，1是在这一个。“语法框架似乎得到了保留，但明显缺乏具有特定含义的单词。韦尼克氏失语症患者在书写时可能会产生格式良好的字母，但其输出表现出与患者言语中观察到的相同的语言缺陷。他表现出严重的失败，
Norman Geschwind abnormal, since the patient clearly fails to produce correct English sentences. Characteristically the small grammatical words and endings are omitted. This failure persists despite urging by the examiner, and even when'the patient attempts to repeat the correct sentence as produced by the examiner. These patients may show a surprising capacity to find single words. Thus, asked about the weather, the patient might say," Overcast." Urged to produce a sentence he may say," Weather... overcast." These patients invariably show a comparable disorder in their written output, but they may comprehend spoken and written language normally. In striking contrast to these performances, the patient may retain his musical capacities. It is a common but most dramatic finding to observe a patient who produces single substantive words with great effort and poor articulation and yet sings a melody correctly and even elegantly. Because Broca's area lies so close to the motor cortex (Fig. 2), this latter region is often damaged simultaneously, so that these patients frequently suffer from paralysis of the right side of the body. The Wernicke's aphasic contrasts sharply with the Broca's type. The patient usually has no paralysis of the opposite side, a fact which reflects the difference in the anatomical localization of his lesion. The speech output can be rapid and effortless, and in many cases the rate of production of words exceeds the normal. The output has the rhythm and melody of normal speech, but it is remarkably empty and conveys little or no information. The· patient uses many filler words, and the speech is filled with circumlocutions. There may be many errors in word usage, which are called paraphasias. These may take the form of the wellarticulated replacement of single sounds (so-called literal or phonemic paraphasias), such as" spoot" for" spoon," or the replacement of one word for another (verbal paraphasias), such as" fork" for" spoon." A typical production might be," I was over in the other one, and then after they had been in the department, 1 was in this one." The grammatical skeleton appears to be preserved, but there is a remarkable lack of words with specific denotation. The Wernicke's aphasic may, in writing, produce well-formed letters, but the output exhibits the same linguistic defects' which are observed in the patient's speech. He shows a profound failure to understand both spoken