Demonstration of cue recruitment: Change in visual appearance by means of Pavlovian conditioning
Demonstration of cue recruitment: Change in visual appearance by means of Pavlovian conditioning
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0506728103
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发表时间：
2006-01-10
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Backus, BT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Qi, HJ;Saunders, JA;Backus, BT
直到半个世纪前，联想学习在知觉表象理论中还扮演着重要的角色[Berkeley，G.（1709）《论视觉的新理论》（都柏林），第1版。但从1955年开始[吉布森，J. J.&吉布森，E. J.（1955）Psychol.Rev.62，32-41]，大多数知觉学习的研究并不关注联想或外观，而是关注辨别能力的提高。在这里，我们描述了一个“线索招聘”的实验，这是一个简单的适应巴甫洛夫的经典条件反射实验，我们用来测量视觉外观的变化所造成的暴露在视觉刺激的新配对的信号。受训者观看旋转线框（内克尔）立方体的电影。这种刺激在感知上是不可感知的。在训练试验中，增加了深度提示（立体声和遮挡），以强制感知旋转方向。关键的是，还增加了一个额外的信号，视旋转方向而定。测试中的刺激包含了新的信号，但没有深度线索。在45分钟内，我们测试的三个新信号中的两个获得了自己偏置感知旋转方向的能力。在每个实验中，八名受训者的结果是一致的，新的提示的有效性是持久的。而大多数适应后效应的外观是相反的方向的培训刺激，这些影响是积极的。一个新的信号可以被视觉系统吸收，作为构建视觉外观的线索。提示补充实验可能有助于重新检验经验在知觉中的作用。
Until half a century ago, associative learning played a fundamental role in theories of perceptual appearance [Berkeley, G. (1709) An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision (Dublin), 1st Ed.]. But starting in 1955 [Gibson, J. J. & Gibson, E. J. (1955) Psychol. Rev. 62, 32-41], most studies of perceptual learning have not been concerned with association or appearance but rather with improvements in discrimination ability. Here we describe a "cue recruitment" experiment, which is a straightforward adaptation of Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment, that we used to measure changes in visual appearance caused by exposure to novel pairings of signals in visual stimuli. Trainees viewed movies of a rotating wire-frame (Necker) cube. This stimulus is perceptually bistable. On training trials, depth cues (stereo and occlusion) were added to force the perceived direction of rotation. Critically, an additional signal was also added, contingent on rotation direction. Stimuli on test trials contained the new signal but not the depth cues. Over 45 min, two of the three new signals that we tested acquired the ability to bias perceived rotation direction on their own. Results were consistent across the eight trainees in each experiment, and the new cue's effectiveness was long lasting. Whereas most adaptation aftereffects on appearance are opposite in direction to the training stimuli, these effects were positive. An individual new signal can be recruited by the visual system as a cue for the construction of visual appearance. Cue recruitment experiments may prove useful for reexamining of the role of experience in perception.