Prophenoloxidase system and its role in shrimp immune responses against major pathogens
Prophenoloxidase system and its role in shrimp immune responses against major pathogens
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fsi.2012.08.019
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发表时间：
2013-04-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Tassanakajon, Anchalee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amparyup, Piti;Charoensapsri, Walaiporn;Tassanakajon, Anchalee
全球虾业仍然面临各种严重的疾病相关问题，这些问题主要由病原性细菌和病毒引起。了解宿主防御机制可能有助于设计和实施有效的策略来解决当前和未来的病原体相关问题。由酚氧化酶（PO）进行并由酚氧化酶原（proPO）激活级联控制的黑色素化在无脊椎动物免疫系统中起重要作用，允许对病原体感染的快速反应。通过模式识别蛋白（PRP）对微生物的特异性识别激活proPO系统，触发丝氨酸蛋白酶级联反应，最终导致无活性proPO裂解为活性PO，其功能是产生黑色素和对抗入侵病原体的毒性反应中间体。本文综述了对虾体内proPO系统在对虾免疫应答中的重要作用，重点介绍了对虾proPO级联反应中的4类主要基因和蛋白质，即PRP、丝氨酸蛋白酶、proPO和抑制剂的功能特征。(C)2012爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
The global shrimp industry still faces various serious disease-related problems that are mainly caused by pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Understanding the host defense mechanisms is likely to be beneficial in designing and implementing effective strategies to solve the current and future pathogen-related problems. Melanization, which is performed by phenoloxidase (PO) and controlled by the prophenoloxidase (proPO) activation cascade, plays an important role in the invertebrate immune system in allowing a rapid response to pathogen infection. The activation of the proPO system, by the specific recognition of microorganisms by pattern-recognition proteins (PRPs), triggers a serine proteinase cascade, eventually leading to the cleavage of the inactive proPO to the active PO that functions to produce the melanin and toxic reactive intermediates against invading pathogens. This review highlights the recent discoveries of the critical roles of-the proPO-system in the shrimp immune responses against major pathogens, and emphasizes the functional characterizations of four major groups of genes and proteins in the proPO cascade in penaeid shrimp, that is the PRPs, serine proteinases, proPO and inhibitors. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.