Self-injurious behaviour in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability
Self-injurious behaviour in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01537.x
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发表时间：
2012-05-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Moss, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Richards, C.;Oliver, C.;Moss, J.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）已被确定为自残行为的风险标志。在这项研究中，我们旨在描述自闭症患者与脆性X染色体和唐氏综合征患者的自我伤害的患病率、分布和相关因素，并检查这些群体之间和内部与自我伤害相关的人的特征。方法对ASD （n = 149，平均年龄= 9.98,SD = 4.86）、脆性X综合征（n = 123，平均年龄= 15.32,SD = 8.74）、唐氏综合征（n = 49，平均年龄= 15.84,SD = 12.59）患者的护理人员填写有关自残行为的问卷。还收集了有关人口特征、情感、自闭行为、多动、冲动和重复行为的信息。结果50%的自闭症谱系障碍患者表现出自残行为：明显高于唐氏综合症组（18.4%），但与脆性X综合征组（54.5%）的患病率大致相似。在唐氏综合症和脆性X染色体综合症人群中，自残与更高水平的自闭症行为相关。在自闭症谱系障碍组中，自我伤害的存在与冲动、多动、负面情绪的显著升高以及能力和言语能力的显著降低相关。结论自伤行为在ASD患者中普遍存在，ASD现象的存在增加了已知遗传疾病但未诊断为特发性自闭症的个体自伤的风险。与ASD自伤相关的人格特征表明，行为抑制受损、能力低下和消极情绪在自伤行为的发展中起着重要作用。
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been identified as a risk marker for self-injurious behaviour. In this study we aimed to describe the prevalence, topography and correlates of self-injury in individuals with ASD in contrast to individuals with Fragile X and Down syndromes and examine person characteristics associated with self-injury across and within these groups.Method Carers of individuals with ASD (n = 149; mean age = 9.98, SD = 4.86), Fragile X syndrome (n = 123; mean age = 15.32, SD = 8.74) and Down syndrome (n = 49; mean age = 15.84, SD = 12.59) completed questionnaires relating to the presence and topography of self-injury. Information was also gathered regarding demographic characteristics, affect, autistic behaviour, hyperactivity, impulsivity and repetitive behaviour.Results Self-injurious behaviour was displayed by 50% of the ASD sample: a significantly higher prevalence than in the Down syndrome group (18.4%) but broadly similar to the prevalence in Fragile X syndrome (54.5%). Self-injury was associated with significantly higher levels of autistic behaviour within the Down and Fragile X syndrome groups. Within the ASD group, the presence of self-injury was associated with significantly higher levels of impulsivity and hyperactivity, negative affect and significantly lower levels of ability and speech.Conclusions Self-injurious behaviour is prevalent in individuals with ASD and the presence of ASD phenomenology increases the risk of self-injury in individuals with known genetic disorders but without a diagnosis of idiopathic autism. Person characteristics associated with self-injury in ASD indicate a role for impaired behavioural inhibition, low levels of ability and negative affect in the development of self-injurious behaviour.