A review of indoor microbial growth across building materials and sampling and analysis methods
A review of indoor microbial growth across building materials and sampling and analysis methods
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.05.030
复制
发表时间：
2014-10
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
T. Verdier;M. Coutand;A. Bertron;C. Roques
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Verdier;M. Coutand;A. Bertron;C. Roques
来自潮湿室内环境的微生物已知是室内空气质量退化的主要原因之一，并且由于产生空气传播的颗粒物而可能对居住者造成严重的健康危害。建筑材料表面（石膏板、砂浆等）通常是高度多孔和粗糙的。在潮湿的环境中，这些材料可以提供有利于微生物增殖和生长的环境。本文旨在总结和比较建筑材料上微生物生长的不同采样和分析方法，并对建筑材料上的定殖微生物群落和建筑材料参数（湿度、化学成分、pH值等）进行综合分析。在方法上，我们的调查主要集中在建筑材料方面。如果有，讨论了比较各种方法对建筑材料的效率的研究。对现场取样活动进行了审查，并列出了在建筑材料上发现的微生物。根据对各种材料（包括建筑材料）进行的研究，还检查了决定材料生物感受性的因素。室内建筑材料上最常检测到的微生物是（i）真菌属Cladosporium，Penicillium，Aggillus和Stachybocytes，以及（ii）革兰氏阴性细菌和分枝杆菌。还可以概述微生物属/种与模式材料之间的一些相关性。表面的水活度、化学成分、pH值和物理性质是影响材料上微生物生长的参数。重点阐述了多孔材料在吸水性方面的特殊性能以及水对微生物增殖的影响，并指出了今后在建筑材料中微生物增殖的评价中，取样、分析和实验室测试方法的标准化将是有益的。此外，调查材料的矿物学和表面性质对生长的影响将是必要的，以更好地了解和预测这些基板上的微生物增殖。
Microorganisms from damp indoor environments are known to be one of the main causes of the degradation of indoor air quality and can be serious health hazards to occupants because of the production of airborne particles. Surfaces of building materials (plasterboard, mortar, etc.) are generally highly porous and rough. In damp environments, these materials can provide an environment favourable to proliferation and growth of microorganisms. Sampling of microbial communities on building materials, in addition to air sampling, is thus necessary to evaluate microbial proliferation indoors.The present paper aims to (i) summarise and compare the different methods used for sampling and analysing microbial growth on building materials and (ii) make a synthesis on the colonising microbial communities and the building materials parameters (humidity, chemical composition, pH, etc.) affecting their growth.With regards to methods, our investigations focused exclusively on studies dealing with building materials. When available, studies comparing the efficiency of methods on building materials were discussed. In-situ sampling campaigns were reviewed and the microorganisms identified on building materials were listed. Factors determining bio-receptivity of materials were also examined on the basis of studies performed on various types of materials (including building materials).The microorganisms the most frequently detected on indoor building materials are (i) fungi generaCladosporium,Penicillium,AspergillusandStachybotrys, and (ii) Gram negative bacteria and mycobacteria. Some correlations between microbial genera/species and the type material can also be outlined. The water activity, the chemical composition, the pH and the physical properties of surfaces are parameters influencing microbial growth on materials. The particular behaviour of porous materials in terms of water sorption and the effect of water on microbial proliferation are underlined.In the future, the standardisation of methods for sampling, analysis and laboratory testing will be helpful in the assessment of microbial proliferation in building materials. Moreover, investigations on the impact of the material's mineralogy and its surface properties on growth will be necessary for a better understanding and predicting of microbial proliferation on these substrates.