Three-dimensional scaffolding framework of porous carbon nanosheets derived from plant wastes for high-performance supercapacitors
Three-dimensional scaffolding framework of porous carbon nanosheets derived from plant wastes for high-performance supercapacitors
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用于高性能超级电容器的源自植物废物的多孔碳纳米片的三维支架框架
DOI：
10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.07.020
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
17.6
通讯作者：
Yu, Miao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Chong;Yu, Dengfeng;Yu, Miao
最近，在超级电容器上利用来自可持续生物质的碳材料变得特别有吸引力。基于廉价、丰富、不需要的天然废物的高性能活性炭（ACs）是非常受欢迎的。在这项工作中，我们以干榆树翅果为原型，证明了高多孔碳纳米片（PCNSs）的三维（3-D）脚手架框架可以通过简单的碳化和活化处理，从具有特定自然形态的植物废料中获得，即半透明的薄片。该产品具有高的可达表面积和高密度的微孔，有利于大的离子储存和高速率的离子转移。除了电双层电容器外，杂原子掺杂还引起了法拉奇的贡献。6 mol L-1 KOH激活的PCNS （PCNS-6）在使用6 mol L-1 KOH电解液的三电极和双电极系统中，在电流密度为1.0 a g（-1）时分别表现出470 F g（-1）和310 F g（-1）的高比电容，是目前报道的生物质碳材料中最高的比电容之一。此外，高倍率容量（分别在200 mV s（-1）和20 A g（-1）下保持72%和64%的电容）以及高循环稳定性（超过50,000次循环损失2%）显著增强了该产品的超级电容器性能。此外，在功率密度为15 kW kg（-1）时，在1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐（EMIMBF4）电解质中验证了高达25.4 Wh kg（-1）的能量密度。最重要的是，证明了三维脚手架PCNS框架可以很容易地实现从不同的植物废物共享的共同特征。这项工作提供了一个明确的策略，如何选择有前途的植物废物候选物用于高性能的交流电储能。(C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Utilizing carbon materials derived from sustainable biomass on supercapacitors has become particularly attractive recently. High-performance activated carbons (ACs) based on inexpensive, abundant but unwanted natural wastes are highly preferred. In this work, using dry elm samara as the prototype, we demonstrate that three-dimensional (3-D) scaffolding frameworks of highly porous carbon nanosheets (PCNSs) can be derived from plant wastes having specific natural morphology, i.e. half-transparent thin flakes, through a facile carbonization and activation treatment. The products possess a high accessible surface area induced by the 3-D framework, and a high density of micro-pores, which benefit large ion storage and high-rate ion transfer. In addition to the electric double-layer capacitor, the heteroatom doping evokes the faradic contribution. PCNS activated by 6 mol L-1 KOH (PCNS-6) exhibited a rather high specific capacitance of 470 F g(-1) and 310 F g(-1) at a current density of 1.0 A g(-1) respectively in a three- and two-electrode system using 6 mol L-1 KOH electrolyte, among the highest ever reported for carbon materials derived from biomass. Furthermore, the high rate capability (72% and 64% capacitance retention at 200 mV s(-1) and 20 A g(-1), respectively) as well as the high cycling stability (2% loss over 50,000 cycles) significantly potentiate the supercapacitor properties of the product. Additionally, an energy density as high as 25.4 Wh kg(-1) at the power density of 15 kW kg(-1) was verified in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF4) electrolyte. Most importantly, it is demonstrated that 3-D scaffolding PCNS frameworks can be easily achieved from different plant wastes sharing common features. This work provides a clear strategy on how to select promising plant-waste candidates for high-performance ACs applied on energy storage. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.