Time and ecological resilience: can diurnal animals compensate for climate change by shifting to nocturnal activity?
Time and ecological resilience: can diurnal animals compensate for climate change by shifting to nocturnal activity?
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DOI：
10.1002/ecm.1334
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发表时间：
2019-02-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Kronfeld-Schor, Noga
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Levy, Ofir;Dayan, Tamar;Kronfeld-Schor, Noga
大量研究的目的是预测生态系统对气候变化的反应，重点是空间尺度，如范围的变化和收缩，以及对荫蔽微生境的活动限制。另一方面，物种在昼夜循环中改变其活动时间的能力，从而改变活动发生的环境，在很大程度上被忽视了。日常活动模式被认为是相当固定的;然而，越来越多的物种报告了活动模式的自然变化。在这里，我们提出了一个框架，探讨如何在活动模式的变化可能缓冲气候变化的影响。为了证明我们的框架，我们模拟了白天和夜间啮齿动物的活动成本，并表明未来的夏天可能会减少夜间哺乳动物的能量需求，同时增加白天哺乳动物的水需求。气候预测表明，在未来的气候情景下，植被覆盖和水供应将减少，特别是在预计水需求增加最多的地区。这些变化预计将限制白天活动的动物的能力，以限制活动的阴影微生境和保持积极的水平衡。我们的分析表明，通过转向非昼夜活动，白天活动的哺乳动物可能会减轻未来夏季的高水成本。我们建议，未来的研究应探讨昼夜时间轴作为一种生态资源的作用时，预测气候变化的影响。
Considerable research is aimed at developing predictions of ecosystem responses to climate change, focusing on the spatial scale, such as range shifts and contractions, as well as activity restrictions to shaded microhabitats. On the other hand, the ability of species to shift their activity times during the diel cycle, and consequently to alter the environment in which activity occurs, has been largely neglected. Daily activity patterns are perceived as fairly fixed; however, natural changes in activity patterns have been reported in increasing numbers of species. Here, we present a framework that explores how shifts in activity patterns may buffer impacts of climate change. To demonstrate our framework, we simulated costs of activity of diurnal and nocturnal rodents and showed that future summers may decrease the energetic demands of nocturnal mammals while increasing water demands of diurnal mammals. Climate projections suggest that vegetation cover and water availability will decrease under future climate scenarios, especially in areas where water demands are expected to increase the most. These changes are expected to limit the ability of diurnal animals to restrict activity to shaded microhabitats and to keep a positive water balance. Our analysis shows that by shifting to nocturnality, diurnal mammals may mitigate the high water costs of future summers. We suggest that future research should explore the role of the diel time axis as an ecological resource when predicting the impacts of climate change.