P2000-A high-nitrogen austenitic steel for application in bone surgery
P2000-A high-nitrogen austenitic steel for application in bone surgery
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0214384
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发表时间：
2019-03-26
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Behr, Bjoern
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Becerikli, Mustafa;Jaurich, Henriette;Behr, Bjoern
骨折的最佳治疗和最小的并发症要求植入物合金结合高强度和高延展性。如今，TiAl6V4钛和316L钢是骨科手术中应用最多的合金，但两者各有优缺点。无镍高氮奥氏体钢X13CrMnMoN18-14-3（1.4452，牌号：P2000）具有高强度和高延展性。为了比较适合骨种植体的合金，我们研究了钛、316L钢、CoCrMo和P2000的生物相容性和血液相容性（根据DIN ISO 10993-5和10993-4）、细胞代谢、成骨细胞矿化、电化学和机械性能。P2000对成纤维细胞和成骨细胞具有良好的生物相容性，且不影响细胞活力和形态变化。此外，通过ALP活性和关键转录因子RUNX2蛋白水平对成骨细胞功能的研究发现，与钛和316钢相比，P2000的ALP活性和RUNX2蛋白水平分别提高了2倍和4倍以上。此外，茜素红S染色对成骨细胞生物矿化的分析显示，与钛相比，P2000上生长的成骨细胞的矿化程度增加了6倍以上。P2000无溶血作用，对血液相容性无明显影响。纳米压痕硬度测试显示，钛和316L的压痕硬度（H-IT）约为4 GPa，而CoCrMo和P2000的压痕硬度（H-IT）分别为7.5和5.6 GPa。此外，与316L钢相比，P2000的耐腐蚀性有所提高。综上所述，我们可以证明无镍高氮钢P2000似乎是骨外科应用的一个有前途的候选材料。在生物相容性和血液相容性、细胞代谢、成骨细胞矿化、力学性能等几乎所有方面，P2000都与钛、316L、CoCrMo相似或有优势。
Optimal treatment of bone fractures with minimal complications requires implant alloys that combine high strength with high ductility. Today, TiAl6V4 titanium and 316L steel are the most applied alloys in bone surgery, whereas both share advantages and disadvantages. The nickel-free, high-nitrogen austenitic steel X13CrMnMoN18-14-3 (1.4452, brand name: P2000) exhibits high strength in combination with superior ductility. In order to compare suitable alloys for bone implants, we investigated titanium, 316L steel, CoCrMo and P2000 for their biocompatibility and hemocompatibility (according to DIN ISO 10993-5 and 10993-4), cell metabolism, mineralization of osteoblasts, electrochemical and mechanical properties. P2000 exhibited good biocompatibility of fibroblasts and osteoblasts without impairment in vitality or changing of cell morphology. Furthermore, investigation of the osteoblasts function by ALP activity and protein levels of the key transcription factor RUNX2 revealed 2x increased ALP activity and more than 4x increased RUNX2 protein levels for P2000 compared to titanium or 316 steel, respectively. Additionally, analyses of osteoblast biomineralization by Alizarin Red S staining exhibited more than 6x increased significant mineralization of osteoblasts grown on P2000 as compared to titanium. Further, P2000 showed no hemolytic effect and no significant influence on hemocompatibility. Nanoindentation hardness tests of Titanium and 316L specimens exposed an indentation hardness (H-IT) of about 4 GPa, whereas CoCrMo and P2000 revealed HIT of 7.5 and 5.6 GPa, respectively. Moreover, an improved corrosion resistance of P2000 compared to 316L steel was observed. In summary, we could demonstrate that the nickel-free high-nitrogen steel P2000 appears to be a promising alternative candidate for applications in bone surgery. As to nearly all aspects like biocompatibility and hemocompatibility, cell metabolism, mineralization of osteoblasts and mechanical properties, P2000 was similar to or revealed advantages against titanium, 316L or CoCrMo.