ASSESSING SEABIRD MORTALITY FROM CHRONIC OIL DISCHARGES AT SEA

ASSESSING SEABIRD MORTALITY FROM CHRONIC OIL DISCHARGES AT SEA
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评估海上长期石油排放造成的海鸟死亡率

DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Robertson
G. Robertson
中科院分区：
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文献类型：
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作者：
F. Wiese;G. Robertson

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摘要慢性海洋石油污染是一个全球性的问题，但目前还没有一个模型来评估海鸟的死亡率从连续的低水平输入的石油。考虑到海滩上的鸟类的持久性和检测率，并在海上失去的鸟类的风依赖的比例，我们提出了一个通用的数学油污海鸟死亡率模型（OSMM），以评估海鸟的死亡率由于慢性石油污染沿着一个给定的海岸线，在系统的海滩鸟类调查的鸟类计数。我们将OSMM应用于加拿大纽芬兰，那里的慢性石油污染发生率是世界上最高的。我们估计，在1998年至2000年期间，平均有315，000 ± 65，000只（普通[Uria aalge]和厚嘴[U。在纽芬兰东南部，每年都有许多美洲狮（lomvia）和美洲狮（Alle alle）因船只非法排放石油而死亡。在大浅滩过冬的厚嘴海鸦占了这次捕杀的67%。该物种已经在格陵兰岛受到广泛的夏季和冬季狩猎，以及纽芬兰的冬季狩猎，每年额外收获250，000 - 300，000只鸟。虽然人口保持稳定，这些持续的死亡率水平使厚嘴海群容易受到脉冲扰动和海洋制度的变化，并阻碍了我们的能力，以可持续的水平设置收获。
Abstract Chronic marine oil pollution is an ongoing global problem, yet no model currently exists to assess seabird mortality from continuous low-level inputs of oil. Taking into account persistence and detection rates of birds on beaches, and the wind-dependent proportion of birds lost at sea, we present a general mathematical Oiled Seabird Mortality Model (OSMM) to assess seabird mortality due to chronic oil pollution along a given coastline, using birds counted during systematic beached-bird surveys. We applied our OSMM to Newfoundland, Canada, where the incidence of chronic oil pollution is among the highest in world. We estimated that between 1998 and 2000, an average of 315,000 ± 65,000 murres (common [Uria aalge] and thick-billed [U. lomvia]) and dovekies (Alle alle) were killed annually in southeastern Newfoundland due to illegal discharges of oil from ships. Thick-billed murres that overwinter on the Grand Banks made up 67% of this kill. This species already is subject to extensive summer and winter hunting in Greenland, as well as winter hunting in Newfoundland, which harvests an additional 250,000–300,000 birds/year. Although populations remain stable, these levels of sustained mortality make thick-billed murre populations vulnerable to pulse perturbations and ocean regime shifts and hamper our ability to set harvest at sustainable levels.