Scoping intergenerational effects of nanoplastic on the lipid reserves of Antarctic krill embryos.
Scoping intergenerational effects of nanoplastic on the lipid reserves of Antarctic krill embryos.
复制标题
探讨纳米塑料对南极磷虾胚胎脂质储备的代际影响。
DOI：
10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106591
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rowlands E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rowlands E
南极磷虾（南极磷虾）在南极海洋食物网和生物地球化学循环中发挥着核心作用，并已被确定为可能容易受到塑料污染的物种。虽然塑料污染已被认为是对南大洋海洋生态系统的潜在威胁，但人们对纳米塑料（<1000 nm）的影响知之甚少。预计纳米塑料的有害影响高于较大塑料，因为它们尺寸小，可以渗透细胞膜并可能引起毒性。在这里，我们研究了将南极磷虾暴露于纳米塑料的代际影响。我们通过测定孵化过程中产生的胚胎的脂质和脂肪酸组成，重点研究当怀孕的雌性磷虾暴露于纳米塑料时，胚胎能量资源是否受到影响。胚胎是从在三种不同的暴露处理（对照、纳米塑料、纳米塑料+藻类）下产卵的雌性中收集的。从每次母体处理中收集的胚胎在三种纳米塑料暴露处理（对照、低浓度纳米塑料和高浓度纳米塑料）下再孵育 6 天。添加到海水中的纳米塑料不会影响母体或直接胚胎治疗中的脂质代谢（总脂质或脂肪酸组成），并且没有观察到交互作用。与对照和纳米塑料处理相比，在母亲接触纳米塑料期间提供食物来源对胚胎发生过程中重要的关键脂肪酸产生积极影响，包括更高的总多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）。虽然短的暴露时间足以使母体消化的藻类中的脂质融入胚胎中，但我们讨论了为什么纳米塑料与脂肪酸的关系可能更加复杂。我们的研究首次探讨了纳米塑料对南极磷虾脂质和脂肪酸储备的代际影响。由此，我们建议未来的研究方向，包括长期暴露、多重压力情景以及探索蛋白质等其他关键能量储备。
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) plays a central role in the Antarctic marine food web and biogeochemical cycles and has been identified as a species that is potentially vulnerable to plastic pollution. While plastic pollution has been acknowledged as a potential threat to Southern Ocean marine ecosystems, the effect of nanoplastics (<1000 nm) is poorly understood. Deleterious impacts of nanoplastic are predicted to be higher than that of larger plastics, due to their small size which enables their permeation of cell membranes and potentially provokes toxicity. Here, we investigated the intergenerational impact of exposing Antarctic krill to nanoplastics. We focused on whether embryonic energy resources were affected when gravid female krill were exposed to nanoplastic by determining lipid and fatty acid compositions of embryos produced in incubation. Embryos were collected from females who had spawned under three different exposure treatments (control, nanoplastic, nanoplastic + algae). Embryos collected from each maternal treatment were incubated for a further 6 days under three nanoplastic exposure treatments (control, low concentration nanoplastic, and high concentration nanoplastic). Nanoplastic additions to seawater did not impact lipid metabolism (total lipid or fatty acid composition) across the maternal or direct embryo treatments, and no interactive effects were observed. The provision of a food source during maternal exposure to nanoplastic had a positive effect on key fatty acids identified as important during embryogenesis, including higher total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) when compared to the control and nanoplastic treatments. Whilst the short exposure time was ample for lipids from maternally digested algae to be incorporated into embryos, we discuss why the nanoplastic-fatty acid relationship may be more complex. Our study is the first to scope intergeneration effects of nanoplastic on Antarctic krill lipid and fatty acid reserves. From this, we suggest directions for future research including long term exposures, multi-stressor scenarios and exploring other critical energy reserves such as proteins.