State Policy on School-based Sex Education: A Content Analysis Focused on Sexual Behaviors, Relationships, and Identities
State Policy on School-based Sex Education: A Content Analysis Focused on Sexual Behaviors, Relationships, and Identities
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DOI：
10.5993/ajhb.43.3.6
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发表时间：
2019-05-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Rodgers, Grayson K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hall, William J.;Jones, Benjamin L. H.;Rodgers, Grayson K.
目的：美国青少年面临着重要的性健康行为问题，包括性传播感染和疾病、怀孕和性暴力的后果。女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和变性青年受到这些问题的影响不成比例。关于K-12学校性教育的国家政策决定了向学生传授的性健康知识。在这项研究中，我们分析了所有50个州的学校性教育政策的内容，重点是性行为，关系和身份。研究方法：政策分析包括国家法规，国家教育委员会的政策，国家教育部或公共教育课程标准。使用内容分析法对数据进行分析。结果：大多数州的政策强调禁欲性行为，并没有要求有关避孕和屏障方法的教育。很少有政策要求提供关于避孕和屏障方法的详细信息，以防止怀孕和性传播感染。大约一半的州解决了关系问题（即健康的关系，性决策和性暴力）;然而，很少有州要求关于性同意的沟通内容。八项州政策明确污名化同性恋。相反，12个州包括不同的性取向，7个州包括不同的性别认同。结论：性教育政策应该以证据为基础，并包括性的多样性。
Objectives: Adolescents in the United States face crucial sexual health behavior issues, including consequences of sexually transmitted infections and diseases, pregnancy, and sexual violence. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth are disproportionately affected by these issues. State policies about sex education in K-12 schools shape what is taught to students about sexual health. In this study, we analyzed the content of school-based sex education policies of all 50 states and focuses on sexual behaviors, relationships, and identities. Methods: Policies analyzed include state statutes, state board of education policies, and state department of education or public instruction curriculum standards. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: Most state policies emphasized abstinence from sexual behavior and did not require education about contraceptive and barrier methods. Few policies required detailed information about contraceptive and barrier methods to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. Around half of states addressed relationship issues (ie, healthy relationships, sexual decision-making, and sexual violence); however, few states required content on communication about sexual consent. Eight state policies explicitly stigmatized homosexuality. Conversely, 12 states were inclusive of diverse sexual orientations and 7 states were inclusive of diverse gender identities. Conclusion: Sex education policies should be evidence-based and inclusive of sexual diversity.