Rhinoceros Auklet pair-mates migrate independently but synchronize their foraging activity during the pre-laying period
Rhinoceros Auklet pair-mates migrate independently but synchronize their foraging activity during the pre-laying period
复制标题
犀牛海雀配对独立迁徙，但在产蛋前同步进行觅食活动
作者：
Kubo Aina;Takahashi Akinori;Thiebot Jean-Baptiste;Watanuki Yutaka
在一夫一妻制的鸟类中，配偶关系被认为是成功繁殖的重要因素，但对迁徙物种来说，维持这种关系可能是一项挑战，因为在非繁殖期，配偶可能会分开数月。为了研究一夫一妻制迁徙海鸟的配偶是否在非繁殖期保持在一起，以及它们在繁殖期前如何以及何时开始同步活动，我们使用地理定位器和盐水浸泡记录器跟踪了7对和22只犀牛小海雀。在非繁殖期，配偶在相似的区域迁徙，但有持续的时间变化，使它们平均相距377公里，导致返回日期的平均差异为5.6天，没有性别偏见。这些值与随机选择的非交配鸟类“对”之间的值没有显著差异。当两只鸟返回并一起度过第一个晚上时，配偶们表现出同步的水上/空中和海上活动。活动的同步性在两个配偶都访问蚁群的第二天达到最高，随着时间的流逝而降低。然后，配偶一起离开群体，进行8-9天的产卵前迁徙，在孵化开始前，雄性比雌性早2-4天返回。在迁徙的早期，同伴们保持着同步的海上活动。我们将其解释为，在产卵前的时期，雄性在海上交配的机会增加了。在犀牛小海雀中观察到的交配模式与原喙小海雀形成对比，可能反映了交配地点和时间的差异。
Pair bonds are considered important for successful breeding in monogamous birds but their maintenance may be challenging for migratory species, as mates can be separated for months during the non‐breeding period. To investigate whether mates of monogamous migratory seabirds stay together throughout the non‐breeding period and how and when they start synchronizing their activity before breeding, we tracked seven pairs and 22 individuals of Rhinoceros AukletsCerorhinca monoceratawith geolocators and saltwater immersion loggers. Mates migrated across similar areas during the non‐breeding period but with a sustained temporal shift, putting them an average of 377 km apart and resulting in an average difference of return date at the colony of 5.6 days, with no sex biases. These values did not differ significantly from those between ‘pairs’ of randomly selected, non‐mated birds. Mates showed synchronized on‐water/in‐air at‐sea activities once both birds returned and spent the first night together at the colony. The synchronization of activities was highest on the day following the nights when both mates visited the colony, and decreased with elapsed time. Mates then left the colony together for a pre‐laying exodus of 8–9 days and males returned 2–4 days earlier than females before incubation started. Mates kept synchronizing at‐sea activity during the early part of the exodus. We interpret this as the mates staying together at sea during the pre‐laying period, increasing the males’ chances of copulation at sea. The patterns of mate association observed in Rhinoceros Auklets contrast with those of the Procellariiformes, presumably reflecting differences in the place and timing of copulation.