Comparing nutritional value and yield as functional units in the environmental assessment of horticultural production with organic or mineral fertilization
Comparing nutritional value and yield as functional units in the environmental assessment of horticultural production with organic or mineral fertilization
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DOI：
10.1007/s11367-010-0238-6
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Julia Martínez-Blanco;A. Antón;J. Rieradevall;M. Castellari;P. Muñoz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Julia Martínez-Blanco;A. Antón;J. Rieradevall;M. Castellari;P. Muñoz
背景、目的和范围本文报道了菜花（Brassica oleraceaL）栽培周期环境评价。由于其天然生物活性化合物含量高而被选择，采用不同的施肥方法。影响评估中使用的功能单位与产量有关，考虑到不同的商业化单位，或与花椰菜的质量有关，考虑其抗氧化化合物的含量。虽然营养素含量已被描述并用作可能的功能单位，但使用抗氧化化合物作为功能单位以前尚未发表。方法考虑3种全氮用量相近的栽培方案：单施矿物肥(M)或矿物肥加堆肥，高施量（CH）或低施量（CL）。在栽培期间，监测土壤特征和果实氮、水分含量，并对产量和果实大小进行分析。此外，对三种选择的硫代葡萄糖苷和酚类化合物（辛酸、酚类和黄酮类）含量进行了评估。采用生命周期评价法（LCA）确定了矿物肥和有机肥的生产、肥料运输和作物生长阶段对整个花椰菜生产周期的环境影响。结果与讨论M和cl栽培方案的商业产量高于CH栽培方案，而后者的生物活性化合物含量较高。与M选项相比，CHand CL选项的富营养化、全球变暖和臭氧层消耗势普遍较低，光化学氧化势始终较高。就涉及生产的功能单位（产量、果实和干物质收获）而言，chm对非生物耗竭、酸化、光化学氧化和累积能量需求的影响高于M。当生物活性化合物（总辛酸衍生物和总酚）含量的差异足够大时，这种情况就会逆转，除了光化学氧化和非生物耗竭外，chha对所有环境类别的影响都较低。结论和观点不同种植方式对个体环境影响的大小和顺序的差异高度依赖于所考虑的功能单元。当考虑到与生产和总酚含量相关的功能单元时，chc培养方案在7个类别中的4个类别中影响最大，而对于涉及辛酸含量的功能单元，该培养方案在7个类别中的5个类别中影响最小。
Background, aim, and scopeWe report the environmental assessment of the cultivation cycle of cauliflower (Brassica oleraceaL. var.botrytis), chosen due to its high levels of natural bioactive compounds, using different fertilization practices. The functional units used during the impact assessment were linked with the quantity produced, considering different units of commercialization, or with the cauliflower quality, considering its antioxidant compounds content. Although nutrient content has been described and used as a possible functional unit, using antioxidant compounds as a functional unit has not previously been published.MethodThree cultivation options with similar dosages of total nitrogen were considered: using mineral fertilizers (M) alone or mineral fertilizers plus compost, with a high (CH) or a low (CL) dosage. During the cultivation period, the soil characteristics and nitrogen and moisture content of the fruit were monitored, and the yield and the fruit size were analyzed. In addition, the glucosinolates and the phenolic compounds (sinapic acid, phenols, and flavonoids) content were assessed for the three options. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to determine the environmental impacts of the whole cauliflower production cycle, including production of mineral and organic fertilizers, fertilizers transport, and crop stage.Results and discussionCommercial yields were higher for cultivation options with M and CLthan for option CH, while higher levels of bioactive compounds were detected in the latter. For CHand CL, eutrophication, global warming and ozone layer depletion potentials were generally lower and photochemical oxidation potential was always higher than for the M option, regardless of the functional unit. Regarding functional units involving production (yield, fruit and dry matter harvest), there were higher impacts with the CHcultivation option than with M for abiotic depletion, acidification, photochemical oxidation, and cumulative energy demand. When the differences in bioactive compounds content (total sinapic acid derivatives and total phenols) were sufficiently high, this was reversed, with CHhaving lower impacts for all the environmental categories apart from photochemical oxidation and abiotic depletion.Conclusions and perspectivesThe differences in the magnitude of individual environmental impacts between cultivation options, and also the order, were highly dependant on the functional unit considered. When functional units associated with production and total phenols content were considered, the CHcultivation option had the highest impact in four out of seven categories, whereas for the functional unit involving sinapic acid content, this cultivation option had the least impact in five out of seven categories.