Associations Between Parity and Cognition: Race/Ethnic Differences.
Associations Between Parity and Cognition: Race/Ethnic Differences.
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DOI：
10.3233/jad-221210
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Panizzon, Matthew S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Araujo-Menendez, Carlos E. E.;Saelzler, Ursula G.;Stickel, Ariana M.;Sundermann, Erin E.;Banks, Sarah J.;Paipilla, Andrea;Barnes, McKinna L.;Panizzon, Matthew S.
种族/民族与个体生殖史和认知差异相关，但它仍然是奇偶校验和晚年认知之间关系的一个未充分研究的因素。评价胎次和认知之间的关联是否在种族/族裔群体之间存在差异。参与者包括来自健康和营养检查调查的778名老年绝经后妇女（拉丁裔：n = 178，非拉丁裔黑人[NLB]：n = 169，非拉丁裔白色[NLW]：n = 431），他们自我报告至少有一次分娩。 认知结果包括工作记忆、学习记忆和语言流畅性。协变量包括年龄，教育，心血管和其他生殖健康因素，成人社会经济地位（SES）和抑郁症状。我们拟合了一系列线性模型，以检查a）奇偶性是否与认知功能相关，B）这种关联是否因种族/民族而异，通过种族/民族相互作用的奇偶性，以及c）个体奇偶性与按种族/民族分层的认知关联。在整个样本中，胎次与数字符号替代测试（DSST）表现（B =-0.70，p = 0.024）呈显著负相关，但与动物流畅性或单词列表学习和记忆无关。 种族/族裔-产次相互作用的检验没有统计学显著性（ps> 0.05）。 然而，按人种/种族进行的分层分析显示，产次对DSST性能的影响不同，例如，拉丁美洲人的产次与DSST性能（B =-1.66，p = 0.007）呈显著负相关，但NLW（B =-0.16，p = 0.74）或NLB（B =-0.81，p = 0.191）中的产次与DSST性能无关。 在拉丁裔，但不是北卡罗来纳州或北卡罗来纳州妇女，更大的奇偶性与更差的处理速度/执行功能在以后的生活。需要进一步的研究来了解驱动种族/民族差异的机制。
Race/ethnicity is associated with differences in reproductive history and cognition individually, yet it remains an understudied factor in the relationship between parity and later-life cognition. To evaluate if the association between parity and cognition differs between racial/ethnic groups. Participants included 778 older, postmenopausal women from the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Latina: n = 178, Non-Latino Black [NLB]: n = 169, Non-Latino White [NLW]: n = 431) who self-reported at least one birth. Cognitive outcomes included working memory, learning memory, and verbal fluency. Covariates included age, education, cardiovascular and other reproductive health factors, adult socioeconomic status (SES) and depressive symptoms. We fit a series of linear models to examine a) whether parity was associated with cognitive functioning, b) if this association varied by race/ethnicity through parity by race/ethnicity interactions, and c) individual parity with cognition associations stratified by race/ethnicity. In the full sample, parity was significantly negatively associated with Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) performance (b = –0.70, p = 0.024) but not Animal Fluency or word-list learning and memory. Tests of race/ethnicity-by-parity interactions were not statistically significant (ps > 0.05). However, stratified analyses by race/ethnicity showed a differential effect of parity on DSST performance, such that parity was significantly negatively associated with DSST performance (b = –1.66, p = 0.007) among Latinas but not in NLWs (b = –0.16, p = 0.74) or NLBs (b = –0.81, p = 0.191). Among Latina, but not NLB or NLW women, greater parity was associated with worse processing speed/executive functioning later in life. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms driving racial/ethnic differences.