Staphylococci on ICE: Overlooked agents of horizontal gene transfer.
Staphylococci on ICE: Overlooked agents of horizontal gene transfer.
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DOI：
10.1080/2159256x.2017.1368433
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Robinson, D Ashley
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文献类型：
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作者：
Sansevere, Emily A;Robinson, D Ashley
水平基因转移在葡萄球菌属(包括与人类和动物临床相关的物种)中传播抗菌素耐药性和毒力基因方面发挥着重要作用。虽然噬菌体和质粒是葡萄球菌水平基因转移的最好的研究媒介，但整合结合元件(ICES)的作用大多被忽视。在20世纪80年代的初步研究表明，Tn916能够从肠球菌转移到葡萄球菌后，实验工作证明葡萄球菌中的冰的活性保持了多年。然而，最近的工作已经开始解冻这一领域。迄今为止，在包括Tn5801亚家族的葡萄球菌Tn916和包括至少7个亚家族的ICE6013中已鉴定出2个ICE家族。Tn5801和ICE6013在金黄色葡萄球菌临床分离株中均常见。Tn5801是葡萄球菌中研究最多的Tn916家族元件，编码四环素耐药性，是一种在大肠杆菌中表达的蛋白质，可抑制对传入DNA的限制屏障。ICE6013是已知的最短的冰之一，但它仍然包括许多未定性的开放阅读框架。该元件使用类似IS30的转座酶作为其重组酶，在整合位点中提供了一些多功能性。ICE6013也以比Tn5801更高的频率在接受金黄色葡萄球菌之间接合转移。继续研究这些可移动的遗传因素可能会充分揭示冰对水平基因转移和葡萄球菌进化的影响程度。
Horizontal gene transfer plays a significant role in spreading antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes throughout the genus Staphylococcus, which includes species of clinical relevance to humans and animals. While phages and plasmids are the most well-studied agents of horizontal gene transfer in staphylococci, the contribution of integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) has been mostly overlooked. Experimental work demonstrating the activity of ICEs in staphylococci remained frozen for years after initial work in the 1980s that showed Tn916 was capable of transfer from Enterococcus to Staphylococcus. However, recent work has begun to thaw this field. To date, 2 families of ICEs have been identified among staphylococci - Tn916 that includes the Tn5801 subfamily, and ICE6013 that includes at least 7 subfamilies. Both Tn5801 and ICE6013 commonly occur in clinical strains of S. aureus. Tn5801 is the most studied of the Tn916 family elements in staphylococci and encodes tetracycline resistance and a protein that, when expressed in Escherichia coli, inhibits restriction barriers to incoming DNA. ICE6013 is among the shortest known ICEs, but it still includes many uncharacterized open reading frames. This element uses an IS30-like transposase as its recombinase, providing some versatility in integration sites. ICE6013 also conjugatively transfers among receptive S. aureus strains at relatively higher frequency than Tn5801. Continued study of these mobile genetic elements may reveal the full extent to which ICEs impact horizontal gene transfer and the evolution of staphylococci.