AgRIS: wind-adaptive wideband reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for resilient wireless agricultural networks at millimeter-wave spectrum
AgRIS: wind-adaptive wideband reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for resilient wireless agricultural networks at millimeter-wave spectrum
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DOI：
10.3389/frcmn.2023.1169266
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发表时间：
2023-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Shuai Nie;M. Vuran
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shuai Nie;M. Vuran
农业环境中的无线网络在许多方面都是独特的。最近的测量表明，作物生长的动态影响无线传播信道具有长期的季节性模式。此外，短期环境因素，如大风，会导致航道统计数据的变化。由自动拖拉机、无人机和高通量传感系统组成的下一代农业领域需要高吞吐量的连接基础设施，这导致未来将部署以前从未部署过的高频网络。更具体地说，当部署5G和6G高通量解决方案的可行候选毫米波(MmWave)通信系统以获得更高的吞吐量时，由于该频段的波长相对较小，这些问题变得更加突出。为了提高农业环境中毫米波频谱的覆盖范围，与具有多个天线的半双工有源继电器相比，可重构智能表面(RISS)是一种具有低能耗和高性价比的有前景的解决方案。为了确保动态信道行为下的链路弹性，设计了一种适用于毫米波频段宽带无线农业网络的自适应RIS。AGRIS依赖于时间序列模型的输出，该模型根据测量的风速数据预测短期风速，这些数据在大多数农场都很容易获得。通过大量的现场试验，验证了链路可靠性与风速之间的时间相关性。仿真结果表明，面积较小的11×11单元的AGRIS可以帮助减轻风致信号电平下降高达8分贝的不利影响，并提供1Gbit/焦耳的高能量效率。
Wireless networks in agricultural environments are unique in many ways. Recent measurements reveal that the dynamics of crop growth impact wireless propagation channels with a long-term seasonal pattern. Additionally, short-term environmental factors, such as strong wind, result in variations in channel statistics. Next-generation agricultural fields, populated by autonomous tractors, drones, and high-throughput sensing systems, require high-throughput connectivity infrastructure, resulting in the future deployment of high-frequency networks, where they have not been deployed before. More specifically, when millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems, a viable candidate for 5G and 6G high-throughput solutions, are deployed for higher throughput, these issues become more prominent due to the relatively small wavelength at this frequency band. To improve coverage in the mmWave spectrum in agricultural settings, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are a promising solution with low energy consumption and high cost efficiency when compared to half-duplex active relays with multiple antennas. To ensure link resiliency under dynamic channel behavior, an adaptive RIS for broadband wireless agricultural networks (AgRIS) at mmWave band is designed in this work. AgRIS relies on output from a time-series model that forecasts the short-term wind speed based on measured wind data, which is readily available in most farms. The temporal correlation between link reliability and wind speed is demonstrated through extensive field experiments. Our simulation results demonstrate that AgRIS with a small footprint of 11 × 11 elements can help mitigate the adversarial effects of wind-induced signal level drop by up to 8 dB and provides high energy efficiency of 1 Gbits/joule.