Prevalence and risk of violence and the physical, mental, and sexual health problems associated with human trafficking: systematic review.
Prevalence and risk of violence and the physical, mental, and sexual health problems associated with human trafficking: systematic review.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pmed.1001224
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
15.8
通讯作者：
Zimmerman C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oram S;Stöckl H;Busza J;Howard LM;Zimmerman C
SiânOram及其同事对人口贩运的健康后果进行系统的审查。 ，除其他发现。
关于人口贩运的健康后果的证据非常有限。
我们进行了一次系统的审查，完成了Medline，PubMed，Psycinfo，Embase和Web的搜索，手工搜索包括文章的参考列表，引用跟踪和专家建议。在被贩运的人贩运和/或贩运的风险或风险中，两名被贩运的人的审查者都被贩运和/或风险。符合条件和评估的论文涉及搜索的质量。妇女和女孩因性剥削而被诊断出艾滋病毒的随机效果为31.9％（95％CI 21.3％–42.4％）在印度和尼泊尔获得贩运后的支持的妇女，但估计与高异质性有关（I 2 = 83.7％）可能与女性起源或开发领域的患病率相关，与其特征有关经验。
尽管有限，但现有的证据表明，贩运性剥削与暴力有关，以及一系列严重的健康问题。
请在文章中查看编辑摘要
联合国将人口贩运定义为个人的招募和行动，通常是通过武力，胁迫或欺骗的方式来剥削的目的。被贩运的人可能会被卖给性行业，或者被迫以多种形式的劳动工作，包括家庭服务和农业和建筑行业。量化问题的规模是充满困难的，但2005年的统计数据估计，由于被贩运，有250万人正在强迫劳动。
迄今为止，人口贩运的健康后果和公共卫生的影响很少，部分原因是对这一领域的了解不多，因此，研究人员研究了已发表的研究，以吸收有关证据和有关的证据和信息。在该组中，与被贩运的人以及包括艾滋病毒/艾滋病在内的身体，精神和性健康问题的患病率有关的所有形式的暴力行为。
研究人员通过对关键数据库进行全面的关键单词搜索并与专家联系，从而搜索了合适的研究。使用关键评估工具确定了研究。
使用此过程，研究人员最初确定了407篇论文，但只有19篇论文适用于他们的分析，代表了16个不同的研究。仅专注于妇女和女孩，除两项研究外，仅研究了性剥削。
在对这些研究的分析中，研究人员发现，被贩运的性剥削的妇女和女孩始终经历了高水平的身体和性暴力。在被贩运和标题的女性中，背痛，失速疼痛和记忆问题通常报告是身体健康症状。鉴定精神痛苦的筛查工具发现了高水平的动画（48.0％–97.7％），抑郁症（54.9％–100％）和创伤后应激障碍（19.5％–77.0％）。贩运与健康之间的关联表明，较长的贩运持续时间可能与较高的精神困扰和艾滋病毒感染的风险增加有关。艾滋病毒感染（在印度和尼泊尔获得贩运后服务的妇女中）的综合患病率为31.9％。
这些发现虽然有限，但表明贩运性剥削与暴力和一系列严重的健康问题有关。问题极为有限。实验室剥削。
请通过此摘要的在线版本访问这些网站，网址为http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001224。
HumanTrafficking.org是一种用于打击人口贩运的网络资源，有多种语言可用
停止贩运是一项国际运动，旨在停止人口贩运，有多种语言可用
不出售的运动旨在废除这种形式的奴隶制
Siân Oram and colleagues conduct a systematic review of the evidence on the health consequences of human trafficking. They describe a limited and poor-quality evidence base, but some evidence suggests a high prevalence of violence and mental distress among women and girls trafficked for sexual exploitation, among other findings. There is very limited evidence on the health consequences of human trafficking. This systematic review reports on studies investigating the prevalence and risk of violence while trafficked and the prevalence and risk of physical, mental, and sexual health problems, including HIV, among trafficked people. We conducted a systematic review comprising a search of Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Web of Science, hand searches of reference lists of included articles, citation tracking, and expert recommendations. We included peer-reviewed papers reporting on the prevalence or risk of violence while trafficked and/or on the prevalence or risk of any measure of physical, mental, or sexual health among trafficked people. Two reviewers independently screened papers for eligibility and appraised the quality of included studies. The search identified 19 eligible studies, all of which reported on trafficked women and girls only and focused primarily on trafficking for sexual exploitation. The review suggests a high prevalence of violence and of mental distress among women and girls trafficked for sexual exploitation. The random effects pooled prevalence of diagnosed HIV was 31.9% (95% CI 21.3%–42.4%) in studies of women accessing post-trafficking support in India and Nepal, but the estimate was associated with high heterogeneity (I 2 = 83.7%). Infection prevalence may be related as much to prevalence rates in women's areas of origin or exploitation as to the characteristics of their experience. Findings are limited by the methodological weaknesses of primary studies and their poor comparability and generalisability. Although limited, existing evidence suggests that trafficking for sexual exploitation is associated with violence and a range of serious health problems. Further research is needed on the health of trafficked men, individuals trafficked for other forms of exploitation, and effective health intervention approaches. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary The United Nations defines human trafficking as the recruitment and movement of individuals—most often by force, coercion or deception—for the purpose of exploitation. Essentially, human trafficking is the modern version of the slave trade and is a gross violation of human rights. People who have been trafficked may be sold on to the sex industry or forced to work in many forms of labor, including in domestic service and in the agricultural and construction industries. Given the nature of human trafficking, quantifying the scale of the problem is fraught with difficulties, but 2005 statistics estimate that 2.5 million people were in forced labor as a result of being trafficked. To date, the health consequences and public health implications of human trafficking have received little international attention, partly because not much is known about this area. So in this study, the researchers examined published studies in order to assimilate evidence and information on the prevalence of all forms of violence relating to people who have been trafficked and the prevalence of physical, mental, and sexual health problems, including HIV/AIDS, among this group. The researchers searched the published literature for suitable studies by conducting a comprehensive key word search of key databases and by contacting experts. The researchers did not exclude any type of study from their search but used stringent criteria to identify appropriate studies and then assessed the quality of identified studies by using a critical appraisal tool. Using this process, the researchers initially identified 407 papers but only 19 were suitable for their analysis, representing 16 different studies. The majority (11) of these studies were conducted in Asia (Nepal, India, Thailand, and Cambodia), and all studies focused solely on women and girls, with all but two studies examining sexual exploitation only. In their analysis of these studies, the researchers found that women and girls who had been trafficked for sexual exploitation were consistently reported to have experienced high levels of physical and sexual violence. Studies also reported a high prevalence of physical, mental, and sexual health problems among women who had been trafficked and headache, back pain, stomach pain, and memory problems were commonly reported physical health symptoms. The studies that used screening tools to identify mental distress found high levels of anxiety (48.0%–97.7%), depression (54.9%–100%), and post-traumatic stress disorder (19.5%–77.0%). Furthermore, the three studies that examined the associations between trafficking and health suggest that a longer duration of trafficking may be linked to higher levels of mental distress and increased risk of HIV infection. The few studies that examined the prevalence of HIV infection (in women accessing post-trafficking services in India and Nepal) showed a combined prevalence of 31.9%. These findings, although limited, show that trafficking for sexual exploitation is associated with violence and a range of serious health problems. However, the key finding of this study is that evidence on trafficked people's experiences of violence and of physical, mental, and sexual health problems is extremely limited. There is an enormous gap in research on the health of trafficked men, trafficked children, and people who have been trafficked for labor exploitation. There is an urgent need for more and better information on the needs and experiences of people who have been trafficked, including evidence on effective interventions to mitigate the associated physical and psychological damage. Please access these Web sites via the online version of this summary at http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001224. Humantrafficking.org is a web resource for combatting human trafficking, available in a number of languages Stop the Traffick is an international movement campaigning to stop human trafficking, available in a number of languages The not for sale campaign works to abolish this form of slavery
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影响因子：
15.8
作者：
Moher D;Liberati A;Tetzlaff J;Altman DG;PRISMA Group
通讯作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.06.002
发表时间：
2009-11-01
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Decker, Michele R.;Mack, Katelyn P.;Silverman, Jay G.
通讯作者：
Silverman, Jay G.