Recent Patents on Light Based Therapies: Photodynamic Therapy, Photothermal Therapy and Photoimmunotherapy
Recent Patents on Light Based Therapies: Photodynamic Therapy, Photothermal Therapy and Photoimmunotherapy
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DOI：
10.2174/1872214807666131229103707
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mediavilla, Maria D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sanchez-Barcelo, Emilio J.;Mediavilla, Maria D.
本文综述了近年来应用可见光照射不同性质光敏物质的三种治疗策略的专利。这些PS的光激活直接负责所需的治疗效果。这组光疗法包括光动力疗法（PDT）、光热疗法（PTT）和光免疫疗法（PIT）。由PS激活触发的治疗机制基本上（但不完全）取决于活性氧（ROS）的释放和免疫应答（PDT和PIT）的激活或局部产热（PTT）。PIT和PDT之间的主要区别在于，在PIT中，单克隆抗体（MAB）与PS结合以改善PS与靶组织的选择性结合。所有这些治疗策略提供了在不损害周围健康组织的情况下破坏肿瘤组织的可能性，这是化疗或放疗无法实现的。PDT也被用作与传统抗生素疗法一起的替代或辅助抗微生物疗法，因为这些生物体不太可能对PDT诱导的ROS产生抗性。此外，PDT还诱导针对细菌病原体的免疫应答。PDT、PIT和PTT的当前挑战是获得最高水平的选择性以作用于靶向病变组织，同时对周围健康组织的影响最小。对特定组织具有高亲和力的新PS、结合特定类型肿瘤的新PSsMAB缀合物以及具有低毒性的新光敏纳米颗粒的开发将增加这些疗法的临床效用。
This article reviews the more recent patents in three kinds of therapeutic strategies using the application of visible light to irradiate photosensible substances (PSs) of different natures. The light-activation of these PSs is directly responsible for the desired therapeutic effects. This group of light therapies includes photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT) and photoimmunotherapy (PIT). Therapeutic mechanisms triggered by the activation of the PSs depend basically (though not exclusively) on the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of immune responses (PDT and PIT) or the local generation of heat (PTT). The main difference between PIT and PDT is that in PIT, monoclonal antibodies (MABs) are associated to PSs to improve the selective binding of the PSs to the target tissues. All these therapeutic strategies offer the possibility of destroying tumor tissue without damaging the surrounding healthy tissue, which is not achievable with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. PDT is also used as an alternative or adjuvant antimicrobial therapy together with the traditional antibiotic therapy since these organisms are unlikely to develop resistance to the ROS induced by PDT. Furthermore, PDT also induces an immune response against bacterial pathogens. The current challenge in PDT, PIT and PTT is to obtain the highest level of selectivity to act on targeted sick tissues with the minimum effects on the surrounding healthy tissue. The development of new PSs with high affinity for specific tissues, new PSsMABs conjugates to bind to specific kinds of tumors, and new light-sensible nanoparticles with low toxicity, will increase the clinical utility of these therapies.