The life-history basis of latitudinal diversity gradients: how do species traits vary from the poles to the equator.
The life-history basis of latitudinal diversity gradients: how do species traits vary from the poles to the equator.
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DOI：
10.1046/j.0021-8790.2001.00577.x
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Cardillo, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cardillo, M
1.物种间生活史特征的纬度差异通常被认为是热带物种丰富度较高的原因。然而，分析这种差异的传统方法很少控制物种之间的系统发育和纬度范围重叠，这可能会给出误导性的结果。使用克服这些问题的成对独立对比的方法，我测试了鸟类物种之间在一些特征上的纬度差异，这些特征在理论上或经验上都与纬度和物种丰富度有关。该方法强烈支持拉波波特定律和在两个半球向赤道减小卵子大小，但仅部分支持向赤道减小体型和生态概括性。性选择的间接测量(性二色性和大小二型性)不随纬度变化；向赤道方向的二色性明显增加被证明是系统发育的产物。传统的跨物种分析没有发现生活史和纬度之间的许多联系，这突显了在地理生活史变异研究中纳入系统发育和重叠的重要性。建立生活史特征和纬度之间的联系并不能证明，但这是这些特征和纬度多样性梯度之间的联系的必要前提。
1. Latitudinal variation among species in life-history traits is often suggested to contribute to high tropical species richness. However, traditional methods of analysing such variation rarely control for phylogeny and latitudinal range overlap between species, potentially giving misleading results.2. Using a method of pairwise independent contrasts which overcomes these problems, I tested for latitudinal variation among bird species in a number of traits which have been linked, theoretically or empirically, with both latitude and species richness.3. This method indicates strong support for Rapoport's Rule and decreasing clutch size towards the equator in both hemispheres, but only partial support for decreasing body size and ecological generalism towards the equator.4. Indirect measures of sexual selection (sexual dichromatism and size dimorphism) show no variation with latitude; an apparent increase in dichromatism towards the equator is shown to be an artefact of phylogeny.5. Many of the associations between life history and latitude were not detected by traditional cross-species analyses, highlighting the importance of incorporating phylogeny and overlap in studies of geographical life-history variation. Establishing associations between life-history traits and latitude does not prove, but is a necessary prerequisite for., a link between these traits and latitudinal diversity gradients.