The response of a metapopulation to a changing environment.
The response of a metapopulation to a changing environment.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2021.0009
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发表时间：
2022-04-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Olusanya O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barton N;Olusanya O
分布在不同环境中的物种可能会适应当地的条件。我们问这样的物种如何迅速地改变其活动范围，以应对环境的变化。Szép等人。(Szép E，Sachdeva H，Barton NH.集合种群的多基因局部适应：随机生态进化模型。进化75,1030-1045(DOI：10.1111/evo.14210)使用无限岛模型来寻找等位基因频率和Deme大小的稳定分布。我们对此进行扩展，以求当Deme大小固定时，集合种群如何对承载能力、选择强度或迁移率的变化做出反应。我们进一步发展了一种“固定态”近似。在这种近似下，只有当选择比漂移弱时，才可能在狭窄的栖息地比例范围内实现多态，而在其他情况下，则可能在更大的范围内实现多态。当相对于漂移的选择或迁移率在集合种群的单个Deme中发生变化时，种群需要m−1量级的时间才能达到新的平衡。然而，即使有许多基因座，净适应也可能有很大的波动，因为在每个基因座上，等位基因随机丢失或固定。因此，在有限的集合种群中，变异可能会在偶然的情况下逐渐消失，即使它会在无限集合种群中持续存在。当整个集合种群的条件发生变化时，可能会有快速的变化，这在固定态近似下可以很好地预测到。这项工作有助于理解元种群如何将它们的范围扩展到不同的环境。本文是主题问题“物种面对环境变化的范围(第二部分)”的一部分。
A species distributed across diverse environments may adapt to local conditions. We ask how quickly such a species changes its range in response to changed conditions. Szép et al. (Szép E, Sachdeva H, Barton NH. 2021 Polygenic local adaptation in metapopulations: a stochastic eco-evolutionary model. Evolution 75, 1030–1045 (doi:10.1111/evo.14210)) used the infinite island model to find the stationary distribution of allele frequencies and deme sizes. We extend this to find how a metapopulation responds to changes in carrying capacity, selection strength, or migration rate when deme sizes are fixed. We further develop a ‘fixed-state’ approximation. Under this approximation, polymorphism is only possible for a narrow range of habitat proportions when selection is weak compared to drift, but for a much wider range otherwise. When rates of selection or migration relative to drift change in a single deme of the metapopulation, the population takes a time of order m−1 to reach the new equilibrium. However, even with many loci, there can be substantial fluctuations in net adaptation, because at each locus, alleles randomly get lost or fixed. Thus, in a finite metapopulation, variation may gradually be lost by chance, even if it would persist in an infinite metapopulation. When conditions change across the whole metapopulation, there can be rapid change, which is predicted well by the fixed-state approximation. This work helps towards an understanding of how metapopulations extend their range across diverse environments. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Species’ ranges in the face of changing environments (Part II)’.
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