Mismatches between supply and demand in wildlife tourism: Insights for assessing cultural ecosystem services
Mismatches between supply and demand in wildlife tourism: Insights for assessing cultural ecosystem services
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.03.035
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发表时间：
2017-07-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Boehning-Gaese, Katrin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arbieu, Ugo;Gruenewald, Claudia;Boehning-Gaese, Katrin
评估生物多样性提供的文化生态系统服务需要生态和社会方法的结合。在这项研究中，我们使用供需框架调查了非洲大型哺乳动物物种为野生动物旅游提供文化生态系统服务的能力。首先，我们检验了野生动物旅游中大型哺乳动物物种的供需关系。其次，我们测试了哺乳动物的营养水平和身体大小是否影响了供需之间的错配，以及三个南部非洲国家的四个保护区(PA)之间的错配模式是否一致。为了量化物种的供应，我们统计了四个保护区内196个5公里路段的大型哺乳动物；为了估计需求，我们收集了651份面对面的野生动物游客问卷，区分了他们对特定物种的期望和希望。结果表明，较高的大型哺乳动物物种供应量增加了看到某一物种的期望(线性回归斜率β=0.28，p<；0.01)，而供应不影响看到特定物种的希望(beta=-0.04，p=0.63)。错配分析表明，与有蹄类动物相比，捕食者物种在供应方面的需求更大。最后，我们发现野生动物游客对哺乳动物物种的需求与它们的供应量在四个保护区是一致的。供需分析显示，物种特征，特别是营养水平，塑造了野生动物游客看到特定哺乳动物物种的希望。我们建议，供需错配的量化可以用来识别有魅力的物种和相关的物种特征，并可以应用于区域内和跨区域的野生动物旅游评估。供需分析为更好地评估涉及野生动物和基于自然的旅游的文化生态系统服务提供了有用的框架和指标，并可用于养护管理。(C)2017爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Assessing cultural ecosystem services provided by biodiversity requires a combination of ecological and social approaches. In this study, we investigated the capacity of large African mammal species to provide the cultural ecosystem service of wildlife tourism by using a supply and demand framework. First, we tested the relationship between supply and demand for large mammal species in wildlife tourism. Second, we tested whether the trophic level and body size of mammals influenced the mismatch between supply and demand, and whether the patterns of mismatches were consistent among four protected areas (PAs) in three Southern African countries. To quantify supply of species, we counted large mammals along 196 five km road transects within the four PAs; to estimate demand, we gathered 651 face-to-face questionnaires of wildlife tourists and distinguished between their expectation and hope to see specific species. Results show that a higher supply of large mammal species increased the expectation to see a species (linear regression slope beta = 0.28, p < 0.01), whereas supply did not affect the hopes to see a specific species (beta = -0.04, p = 0.63). Analyses of mismatches revealed that predator species were more demanded in relation to their supply than ungulates. Finally, we found that the demands of wildlife tourists for mammal species in relation to their supply were consistent across the four PAs. Supply-demand analyses reveal that species traits, in particular trophic level, shape the hopes of wildlife tourists to see specific mammal species. We propose that the quantification of supply-demand mismatches can be used to identify charismatic species and relevant species traits, and can be applied for wildlife tourism assessments within as well as across regions. Supply-demand analyses provide a useful framework and deliver indicators for better assessing cultural ecosystem services involving wildlife and nature-based tourism, and can be used for conservation management. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.