BLACK HOLES AND ENTROPY
BLACK HOLES AND ENTROPY
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevd.7.2333
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发表时间：
1973-01-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
BEKENSTEIN, JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BEKENSTEIN, JD
黑洞物理学和热力学之间有许多相似之处。最引人注目的是黑洞面积和熵的相似之处：两者都倾向于不可逆地增加。在本文中，我们把这种相似性作为黑洞物理的热力学方法的基础。在简要回顾了信息论的要素之后，我们从信息论的角度来讨论黑洞物理学。我们表明，引入黑洞熵的概念作为黑洞内部信息的度量是很自然的，而黑洞内部的信息是外部观察者无法获得的。考虑到简单性和一致性，以及量纲参数表明，黑洞熵等于黑洞面积与普朗克长度的平方之比乘以一个有序的无量纲常数。另一种利用克尔黑洞的特性和信息论概念的不同方法得出了相同的结论，并提出了常数的确定值。黑洞熵概念的物理内容来源于第二定律的以下广义版本：当共有熵进入黑洞时，黑洞外部的共有熵加上黑洞熵永远不会减少。这一版本的第二定律的有效性得到了信息论的论证以及几个例子的支持。
There are a number of similarities between black-hole physics and thermodynamics. Most striking is the similarity in the behaviors of black-hole area and of entropy: Both quantities tend to increase irreversibly. In this paper we make this similarity the basis of a thermodynamic approach to black-hole physics. After a brief review of the elements of the theory of information, we discuss black-hole physics from the point of view of information theory. We show that it is natural to introduce the concept of black-hole entropy as the measure of information about a black-hole interior which is inaccessible to an exterior observer. Considerations of simplicity and consistency, and dimensional arguments indicate that the black-hole entropy is equal to the ratio of the black-hole area to the square of the Planck length times a dimensionless constant of order unity. A different approach making use of the specific properties of Kerr black holes and of concepts from information theory leads to the same conclusion, and suggests a definite value for the constant. The physical content of the concept of black-hole entropy derives from the following generalized version of the second law: When common entropy goes down a black hole, the common entropy in the black-hole exterior plus the black-hole entropy never decreases. The validity of this version of the second law is supported by an argument from information theory as well as by several examples.