Contribution of Functional Divergence Through Copy Number Variations to the Inter-Species and Intra-Species Diversity in Specialized Metabolites
Contribution of Functional Divergence Through Copy Number Variations to the Inter-Species and Intra-Species Diversity in Specialized Metabolites
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2019.01567
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发表时间：
2019-11
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Kazumasa Shirai;Kousuke Hanada
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kazumasa Shirai;Kousuke Hanada
在单一植物物种（种内）和不同植物物种（种间）中，特化代谢物具有相当大的多样性。与基因复制相关的功能差异在很大程度上促成了特化代谢物的种间多样性，而种内多样性则是由于在种内进化水平上通过基因复制（即拷贝数变异（CNVs））引起的基因剂量变化。这是因为CNVs被认为在种内进化水平上与较少的功能分化有关。然而，由CNVs引起的功能分化可能在种内和种间进化水平上诱导特化代谢物多样性。本文讨论了代谢数量性状基因（mQTGs）中CNVs的功能分化。我们集中研究了270份拟南芥材料中5654个先前鉴定的mqtg。在拟南拟南植物中，具有CNVs的mQTGs的非同义变异比不具有CNVs的mQTGs的同义变异率更高，这表明在种内进化水平上，CNVs对mQTGs之间的功能分化负有责任。为了评估CNVs对种间多样性的贡献，我们计算了拟南芥谱系中非同义替换与同义替换的比例。与没有CNVs的mqtg相比，具有CNVs的mqtg的比率往往更高。此外，我们确定具有CNVs的mqtg在拟南芥谱系中受到正选择的影响。我们的数据表明，CNVs与功能分化密切相关，通过在种内和种间进化水平上产生各种专门的代谢物来促进适应。
There is considerable diversity in the specialized metabolites within a single plant species (intra-species) and among different plant species (inter-species). The functional divergence associated with gene duplications largely contributes to the inter-species diversity in the specialized metabolites, whereas the intra-species diversity is due to gene dosage changes via gene duplications [i.e., copy number variants (CNVs)] at the intra-species level of evolution. This is because CNVs are thought to undergo associated with less functional divergence at the intra-species level of evolution. However, functional divergence caused by CNVs may induce specialized metabolite diversity at the intra-species and inter-species levels of evolution. We herein discuss the functional divergence of CNVs in metabolic quantitative trait genes (mQTGs). We focused on 5,654 previously identified mQTGs in 270 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous variations tends to be higher for mQTGs with CNVs than for mQTGs without CNVs within A. thaliana accessions, suggesting that CNVs are responsible for the functional divergence among mQTGs at the intra-species level of evolution. To evaluate the contribution of CNVs to inter-species diversity, we calculated the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions in the Arabidopsis lineage. The ratio tends to be higher for the mQTGs with CNVs than for the mQTGs without CNVs. Additionally, we determined that mQTGs with CNVs are subject to positive selection in the Arabidopsis lineage. Our data suggest that CNVs are closely related to functional divergence contributing to adaptations via the production of diverse specialized metabolites at the intra-species and inter-species levels of evolution.