Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
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DOI：
10.1111/1467-937x.00253
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发表时间：
2003-07-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Tirole, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bénabou, R;Tirole, J
经济学的一个核心原则是，个人会对激励做出反应。相反，对于心理学家和社会学家来说，奖励和惩罚往往适得其反，因为它们破坏了“内在动机”。我们调和了这两种观点，展示了一个知情的校长（经理、老师、家长）提供的绩效激励如何对代理人（工人、孩子）对任务的看法或对自己能力的看法产生不利影响。因此，激励在短期内只是弱强化，在长期内则是负强化。我们还研究了授权、帮助和借口对动机的影响，以及反映一段关系中主导地位之争的自我打击情况。
A central tenet of economics is that individuals respond to incentives. For psychologists and sociologists, in contrast, rewards and punishments are often counterproductive, because they undermine "intrinsic motivation". We reconcile these two views, showing how performance incentives offered by an informed principal (manager, teacher, parent) can adversely impact an agent's (worker, child) perception of the task, or of his own abilities. Incentives are then only weak reinforcers in the short run, and negative reinforcers in the long run. We also study the effects of empowerment, help and excuses on motivation, as well as situations of ego bashing reflecting a battle for dominance within a relationship.