Intercomparison of model simulations of mixed‐phase clouds observed during the ARM Mixed‐Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment. II: Multilayer cloud
Intercomparison of model simulations of mixed‐phase clouds observed during the ARM Mixed‐Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment. II: Multilayer cloud
复制标题
ARM 混合相北极云实验 II：多层云期间观测到的混合相云模型模拟的相互比较。
DOI：
10.1002/qj.415
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Gong Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Morrison;R. McCoy;S. Klein;S. Xie;Yali Luo;A. Avramov;Mingxuan Chen;J. Cole;M. Falk;M. Foster;A. D. Del Genio;J. Harrington;C. Hoose;M. Khairoutdinov;V. Larson;Xiaohong Liu;G. McFarquhar;M. Poellot;K. von Salzen;B. Shipway;M. Shupe;Y. Sud;D. Turner;D. Veron;G. Walker;Zhien Wang;Audrey B. Wolf;Kuan Xu;Fanglin Yang;Gong Zhang
结果来自于大气辐射测量（ARM）混合相北极云实验期间观察到的深层，多层，混合相云系统的单柱和云解析模型模拟的相互比较。当冷空气流过开放的北冰洋时，这个云系与强烈的表面湍流感热和潜热通量有关，再加上在中层提供水分的低压系统。由13个单柱模式和4个云解析模式进行的模拟通常高估了液态水路径，并严重低估了冰水路径，尽管模型之间存在很大的差异。这一发现与第一部分中的单层、低层混合相层积云的结果以及先前对浅层混合相北极云的研究形成了对比，后者显示出液态水路径的预测不足。这些结果表明，模式模拟更深北极混合相云的能力与第一部分中的浅层、单层混合相云的能力存在重要差异。观测到的液态冰质量比第一部分小得多，尽管云的温度相似。因此，采用基于温度的云液和冰团分区的微物理方案的模型无法产生与两种情况下的观测一致的结果。对云微物理学进行更复杂的二阶矩处理的模型产生了更接近观测的更小的液态水路径。云解析模型往往比单柱模型产生更大的云分数。液态水路径和云分数对地面云辐射强迫有很大的影响，而地面云辐射强迫主要由长波通量决定。版权所有© 2009皇家气象学会
Results are presented from an intercomparison of single‐column and cloud‐resolving model simulations of a deep, multilayered, mixed‐phase cloud system observed during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mixed‐Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment. This cloud system was associated with strong surface turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes as cold air flowed over the open Arctic Ocean, combined with a low pressure system that supplied moisture at mid‐levels. The simulations, performed by 13 single‐column and 4 cloud‐resolving models, generally overestimate liquid water path and strongly underestimate ice water path, although there is a large spread among models. This finding is in contrast with results for the single‐layer, low‐level mixed‐phase stratocumulus case in Part I, as well as previous studies of shallow mixed‐phase Arctic clouds, that showed an underprediction of liquid water path. These results suggest important differences in the ability of models to simulate deeper Arctic mixed‐phase clouds versus the shallow, single‐layered mixed‐phase clouds in Part I. The observed liquid‐ice mass ratios were much smaller than in Part I, despite the similarity of cloud temperatures. Thus, models employing microphysics schemes with temperature‐based partitioning of cloud liquid and ice masses are not able to produce results consistent with observations for both cases. Models with more sophisticated, two‐moment treatment of cloud microphysics produce a somewhat smaller liquid water path closer to observations. Cloud‐resolving models tend to produce a larger cloud fraction than single‐column models. The liquid water path and cloud fraction have a large impact on the cloud radiative forcing at the surface, which is dominated by long‐wave flux. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society