A Dynamic Approach to the Study of Rhodoliths: A Case Study for the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico
A Dynamic Approach to the Study of Rhodoliths: A Case Study for the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico
复制标题
红石研究的动态方法：以墨西哥湾西北部为例
DOI：
10.7872/crya.v35.iss1.2014.77
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
W. Schmidt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Fredericq;Natalia Arakaki;O. Camacho;D. Gabriel;David M. Krayesky;Sherry L. Self;George H. Rees;J. Richards;T. Sauvage;D. Venera‐Pontón;W. Schmidt
摘要在墨西哥湾西北部，55-70 m深的红长石和未固结碎石床与独特的离岸深岸生境（作为盐丘或底辟）有关。在2010年英国石油公司深水地平线石油泄漏之前，这些海藻是墨西哥湾北方已知最丰富的海藻。六个泄漏后巡航导致路易斯安那州近海的两个网站先前记录丰富的藻类组合（即prepill）显示了戏剧性的泄漏后死亡的海藻在这两个网站，与疏浚的红柱石出现漂白，主要是裸露的肉质藻类，或“裸露”（只有少数甲壳类，如珊瑚目和Peyssonneliales）。这些瓦砾被带到实验室，保存在一系列1000升的微型水槽中，逐渐被一套红色、绿色和棕色的海藻幼苗覆盖，直到今天，这些海藻幼苗继续生长到成年大小，繁殖，消失和重新出现，其物种组成反映了泄漏前的组合。这些实验揭示了生物多样性的表达，从替代的生命阶段或休息阶段显然抑制在海湾采样时，包括新的，以前被忽视的多样性。每两周拍摄一次的照片记录了藻类的演替速度，目前正在通过分子和形态学证据确认物种分类身份。这些令人兴奋的结果，即未被发现的繁殖体，孢子和石内细丝收集沿着与“裸”基板和原位海水已被触发发芽，生长和繁殖在实验室条件下是深远的。我们假设红柱石和碎石海洋种子库的生物多样性的功能，并探讨这个生态系统的作用，社区恢复力的重大人为灾害。这是一份推测性的论文，因为我们目前缺乏许多严格的定量数据。该文件被设想为“第一步”接近的动力学的红柱石和相关的多样性灾难性的人为事件后，藻类和无脊椎动物的多样性尚未恢复，截至2013年10月，我们的最后一次收集考察尤因银行在墨西哥湾西北部。
Abstract In the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, beds of rhodoliths and unconsolidated rubble at 55–70 m depth are associated with unique offshore deep bank habitats known as salt domes or diapirs. Prior to the 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill these harbored the highest known seaweed diversity in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Six post-spill cruises led offshore Louisiana to two sites previously documented with rich algal assemblages (i.e. prespill) revealed a dramatic post-spill die-off of seaweeds at both sites, with dredged rhodoliths appearing bleached and mostly denuded of fleshy algae, or “bare” (with a few crustose genera only, e.g. Corallinales and Peyssonneliales). This rubble, brought to the laboratory and maintained in a series of ∼75 liter microcosm tanks, gradually became covered by a suite of red, green and brown seaweed germlings that to this day continue to grow to adult size, reproduce, disappear and re-emerge, and whose species composition reflects pre-spill assemblages. These experiments revealed the expression of biodiversity from alternative life stages or resting stages apparently repressed in the Gulf at the time of sampling, including new, previously overlooked diversity. The rate of algal succession was documented by biweekly photography, and species taxonomic identity is being confirmed by ongoing molecular and morphological evidence. The implications of these exciting results, namely that undetected propagules, spores and endolithic filaments collected along with the “bare” substrata and in situ seawater have been triggered to germinate, grow, and reproduce under laboratory conditions are far-reaching. We hypothesize the function of rhodoliths and rubble as marine seedbanks for biological diversity and explore the role of this ecosystem for community resilience following a major anthropogenic disaster. This is a speculative paper since we currently lack many rigorous, quantitative data. The paper is envisioned as a “first step” in approaching the dynamics of rhodoliths and associated diversity following a catastrophic anthropogenic event, from which the algal and invertebrate diversity has not recovered, as of October 2013, our last collecting expedition to Ewing Bank in the NW Gulf of Mexico.